How Malaria Affects The Human Body And The Different Types Of Malaria

The WHO Global Malaria Programme is responsible for evidence-based policy and strategy formulation, technical assistance, capacity building, malaria surveillance, monitoring and evaluation, and coordination of global efforts to fight malaria. WHO is also a co-founder and hosts the Roll Back Malaria partnership, which is the global framework to implement coordinated action against malaria (The World Health Organization Staff, 2010). The CDC participates actively in global malaria efforts through work with the WHO, Roll Back Malaria Partners, UNICEF, and more in the fight to keep the epidemic at bay (Global Health - Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010).

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

One major health issue is the presence malaria in developing countries which affects half the world’s population in the poorest parts of the world. It is estimated that more than 3,000 children die from malaria every day. The UN, with the help of World Health Organization, launched the Rock Back Malaria Initiative in 1998, which is movement to improve the lives in those places and prevent the disease overall. A foundation Nothing but Nets was created by the UN to raise money and awareness for the cause. Sponsorships from big associations like the Major League Soccer, and the National Basketball Association and Junior Chamber International helped raise $35 million dollars and helped distribute to over 25 countries in Africa (Preventing Malaria Deaths). Yet international relations can also help countries understand diseases in their own country. I conducted an interview with Saba Danwala, an international health analyst at the US Department of Health and Human Services, who deals with working with developing countries analyzing the affections of infectious disease. She mentions that “International relations has a greater part to play [in a world with so much information] I see this for countries wanting to improve their health systems, for instance. The diplomats who speak to the higher powers in these countries can sway a president, for

Between 1998-2004, the malaria cases in Panama quadrupled. And globally, the malaria death toll has grown inescapably since 1981. In 1995, Europe suffered 90,000 cases of malaria. Today, eight times more malaria patients arrive at the clinics and hospitals across Europe than they did in the 1970’s. Mosquitoes infect between 250 million and 500 million people with malaria every year and close to 1 million perish. Human beings have suffered the disease for more than 500,000 years. This plague is very deadly.

Malaria is killer number one in Africa (IRIN, 2012). In Kenya, it is the leading cause of indisposition and it kills almost 34,000 children less than 5 years annually (USAID, 2012). Even though

Malaria is extensively disseminated all through tropics: Asia, Africa, South and Central America, Oceania, Hispaniola, and the Middle East. WHO (2013), valued that there were 207,000,000 incidents of malaria and about 627 thousand mortality globally, predominantly amid under-fives in Africa.

Since it was first discovered in 1880 by French army surgeon Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, Malaria has caused the suffering of millions each year. According to the World Health Organization It was estimated that in 2015 there were nearly 214 million cases of Malaria worldwide, half a million of which were lethal. Malaria is caused by a parasite which is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito. Although cases of Malaria are most common in the sub-Saharan Africa region, it has affected people on a global scale. Efforts to combat Malaria range from insecticide treated bed nets to indoor residual spraying. Although both methods are viable, they do not have to potential to eradicate Malaria. The most effective means of combating Malaria is through genetic modification of mosquitoes. By tinkering with the genes of the very creature who transmits the parasite, we can ultimately eliminate the disease before it even poses a threat.

Malaria is a tropical disease transmitted through Anopheles mosquitos that carry the Plasmodium parasite. This disease exists as a public health problem because when bitten by an infected mosquito, the Plasmodium parasite can cause serious illness that, if left untreated, may lead to death. This is a health threat that affects approximately 212 million people and leads to the deaths of 429,000 people annually [2]. There are four major kinds of Malaria parasites that affects humans; Plasmodium Falciparum, P.Vivax, P.ovale, and P Malariae [2]. The most dangerous of the four, Plasmodium Falciparum, causes red blood cells to become

Malaria is a life-threatening disease that is caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted from female mosquitos when they bite a human. The plasmodium parasite can also be transmitted by blood products like unclean needles or unscreened blood. There are five parasite species (Plasmodium, falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae) that cause malaria in humans, and two of these species, P. falciparum and P. vivax, are the greatest threat (see Figure 1). The severity of malaria is based on the species of plasmodium. The symptoms people experience include chills, fever, and sweating usually occurring within a few weeks after being bitten. In the United States, it is a very rare disease with fewer than 20,000 cases per year, and is treatable by a medical professional. However, Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 88% of malaria cases and 90% of malaria deaths. P. falciparum is the most prevalent parasite on the African continent and is responsible for most malaria-related deaths globally. P. vivax is more widely distributed than P. falciparum and predominates in most countries outside of Africa. In the 1970s and 1980s, resistance of P. falciparum started in medicines, such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Drug resistance has been implicated in the spread of malaria to new areas and re-emergence of malaria in areas where the disease had been eradicated. Population movement has introduced resistant parasites to areas previously free of drug resistance. Resistance is

Measures to control this epidemic disease are becoming less and less efficient, and more expensive. The increased risk of the illness linked to expansion projects in undeveloped areas, particularly in the Amazon basin and in Southeast Asia. The escalation of malaria cases is also interrelated to factors such as lack of health services, poor hygiene, increasing in political disruptions, unresolved armed conflicts, and accelerating effect on global warming. Additional possible causes of the spread of malaria also include the evolving resistance of the parasites that has build immunity to the current antimalarial drug treatments. On the other hand, with the rising trend of international traveling, malaria is now resurfaced again in developed countries. Countries such as the United State, England, Canada and many other well-developed nations where malaria has to make is appearance once again, where it has previously been eradicated. (Liu, Modrek, Gosling & Feachem. 2013)

Human beings are creatures who automatically accustom and adapt to their surroundings. They are taught to beware strangers, look both ways before crossing the street and other instinctive precautions to ensure safety amongst everybody. In contrary, the biggest threat to human civilization cannot even be seen with our own eyes. Spread and infection of a single virus can be equivalent to the scary stranger on the street only it is harder to run from. Malaria is a disease of the blood caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is easily transmitted by a particular mosquito. Out of all those pesky insects throughout the summer, it is a relief that only the female Anopheles mosquito is able to transmit malaria, on the other hand, there are more than 100 species of malaria parasite. This is including the most deadliest named Plasmodium falciparum which is sadly common in the African continent. A malaria parasite finds its way to inject or enter into the body where it will first enter into the liver and begins to multiply itself thousands of times. Throughout history, before there was a label on this disease, symptoms can be dated back from 4,000 years when malaria was translated as “bad air” in italian words “mal’ aria”("The History of Malaria, an Ancient Disease."). In addition, the symptoms and transaction of the malaria disease were recorded in medical writings of the ancient chinese, responsible for the decline of populations in greece during the 4th century BCE, and even

During the research period for this paper a lot was learned, especially concerning the transmission of malaria and everything that is used to prevent and cure the horrible disease. The most important things that were learned were what exactly malaria does to the human body (the whole process), how exactly malaria is transmitted, why it is so hard to be stopped, and what organizations are trying to solve malaria and what they are doing to help the worldwide problem.

Despite the recent advancements, however, there remains no opportunity for complacency. Malaria continues to represent a perilous public health challenge and one of the most prevalent and lethal infectious agents across Africa, Asia and the Americas. Data released in December 2013 indicates that there were in the range of 207 million cases of malaria in 2012, and an estimated 627,000 related deaths – most particularly in children under five and expectant mothers.2 In Africa today, it can be predicted that a child will die every forty-five seconds as a result of malaria.3 To quote WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan, “the fact that so many people are dying from mosquito bites is one of the greatest tragedies of the 21st century”.1 In 2008, the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership unveiled its Global

The last decade has seen an unprecedented amount of progress in malaria elimination efforts in Africa. With organizations and governments increasing contribution to provide malarial prevention and treatment, the incidence of malaria in Africa has dramatically decreased across the world with a 26% decrease since 2000 to 2010. However, there are still over 200 million cases of malaria and an estimated half a million deaths each year are caused by malaria with victims mostly children under the age of 5 and pregnant women.

Cases of malaria are found all over the world, but especially in tropical regions. This disease is very widespread because people obtain malaria when visiting these areas and then they bring it back to where they live. Malaria affects millions of people every year, and depending on the case it can be very serious or easily treated. At the moment there is only one main method that doctors use to treat malaria, but there are many precautions that can be taken to prevent it from infecting someone.