How Native Korean Speakers Produce English Unstressed Vowels Essay

Even though Seiyap is a sub-dialect of Saamyap, people who speak the standard have a hard time understanding the harsher, village dialect of Taishanese. This is due to the difference in tones and the changing of certain consonants either before or after words. In order to more carefully evaluate the differences between the two dialects, I asked native speakers of each to give me sample readings of the same passages. I recorded their voices in hopes of identifying the major differences in word usage and pronunciation.

Summary of Interpretation: Given the information provided in Interpretation A, the clinician diagnosed Kara-Lynn with a severe phonological disorder. This diagnosis was made based on evidence provided by testing results, clinician observations, and speech analyses. Kara-Lynn demonstrated phoneme collapses into /d/ in place of stops (/p/, /t/, /k/, /g/), fricatives (/s/, /z/, /θ/, /ð/), and some consonant clusters (/tr/, /gr/) across all word positions. For example, Kara-Lynn produced /diə/ for “seal,” /dædɚ/ for “treasure,” and /dədudɚ/ for “computer.” Kara-Lynn also presented with active phonological processes of final consonant deletion (/fɪ/ for “fish”), cluster reduction (/tul/ for “school”), vocalization (/ɛləkə/ for “helicopter”), and deaffrication (/ʃi/ for “cheese”). She also presented with inconsistent patterns of initial-consonant deletion (/ɑʊps/ for “house”, /ɪʒ/ for “bridge”). In most instances, Kara-Lynn presented with both final consonant deletion and another phonological process, which markedly impacted her speech intelligibility, as when she produced /lɑʊ/ for “clown,” demonstrating both final consonant deletion and cluster reduction. She also expressed a high percentage of CV (27%) and CVC (29%) syllable and word shapes, with little other variation. Analysis of Kara-Lynn’s speech sample revealed similar errors exhibited during formal assessment, including phoneme collapse into /d/, high occurrences of initial and final consonant deletion and cluster

c. Isolate and pronounce initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken single‐syllable words.(1.RF.2.c)

Kara-lynn is a 3 year; 6 month old female presenting with a severe phonological disorder. Her results from testing indicate that her speech intelligibility is significantly reduced due to multiple phoneme collapses into /d/ of the following phonemes and consonant clusters: /p/, /g/, /k/, /s/, /z/, /θ/, /ð/, /tr/,and /gr/. In addition, the use of multiple phonological processes, including: final consonant deletion, initial consonant deletion, cluster reduction, vocalization, and deaffrication also significantly contribute to her reduced intelligibility. Her speech intelligibility in known context was calculated to be 64%, which is low for a child who is 3 years; 6 months(consider adding reference). Reduced intelligibility can impact a child’s ability to communicate wants and needs, making Kara-Lynn’s speech intelligibility an area of need.

Verbal languages vary in pronunciations. Since, Languages are described as being smooth and light, while on the other hand, languages known to being rough and abrupt. The manner in which speakers pronounce and communicate using words, phrases and hand gesture also has a way in building the personality of the language. Furthermore, whilst a speaker pronounces words and letters that are in the non-speaker opinion rigid and tough, an image of a solid language is created in the observing non-speaker mind. Personally, listening to Hindi dialects, I myself seem to find it challenging to pronounce specific words, and an image of complexity forms in my mind. During dialect comparison, we realize that pronunciation is vulnerable to criticism and satire. Comedians during criticizing a specific group usually imitate the dialect to refer to their identity. Thus when they criticize the language they mean it to the group and their specialized behavior.

Theories of language learning can further be broken into theories for speech-sound errors and treatment for these disorders. One of these theories is sensory-perceptual theory with sound production training. This relates to errors due caused by a breakdown in sensory and motor systems of individual sound units (Peña-Brooks & Hedge, 2015). In contrast, the phonological theory suggests errors unrelated to motor skill but, instead, to misrepresentations of phonological rules (MacReynolds, 1987). While neither approach has proven to be most effective in the generalization of correct productions of speech sounds, this paper will be using the sensory-perceptual theory of language acquisition.

1. What is one possible drawback of phonology if a nonnative speaker has poor accuracy? What might be done to master a new phonology?

This research paper examines the morphosyntactic differences exhibited between a 4 ½ year old and a 6 year old. These differences include Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), acquisition of Brown’s 14

On the articulation subtest of the DEAP X produced errors /ϴ/→ /f/, /ð/ → /d/ in all positions, as well as /k/→ /t/ and /g/→ /d/ in initial position. She also produced /ts/ → /tʃ/ in the final position of a word. X produced lateralizations of /ʃ/ and /s/ in all positions. The phonology subtest assess phonological processes in both single words and connected speech. On the phonology subtest she demonstrated fronting of /k/→ /t/ in initial position and blends. The single word-connected speech subtest indicated inconsistent errors when fronting /t/→ /k/. The scores based on the three subtests indicate the client produces distortions of /s/ and /sh/, as well as typical simplifications for /k/, /g/, /ϴ/, and /ð/

The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA) test was administered to assess Jeffrey’s production of all English consonants in fixed position. The GFTA assesses the production of sounds according to types of errors (omissions, substitutions, additions, distortions) in

R Studio was used to calculate the statistics in this experiment. We compared participant’s perception of sounds (proportion of voiced responses) with stimuli of different laterality and precursor. A voiced sound is a speech sound produced with the vibration of the vocal cords while devoiced sound is one produced with no vibration of the vocal cord. Data from 19 participants were included in the analysis. Each participant listened to 4 different types of sound: 1) Laterality of 0 (sounds presented with equal amplitude) and a precursor of 1. For example, “span” seemed to be presented to the center sounding like “s-pan.” 2) Laterality of 150 (sounds presented with opposing amplitude) and a precursor of 1. For example, “s” seemed to be presented to the right while “pan” is to the left, or vice versa. 3) Laterality of 0 (sounds presented with equal

When talking about the language development of children it consists of four domains, which are the phonological development grammatical development, lexical development and pragmatic development. Phonological development focuses on the development of speech sounds which deals with the pronunciation of the words. At my field site, which is located at Brooklyn College, I noticed two students’ phonological development. I was observing the ones class. One of the students, Nathanial was given the object ball and the teacher kept repeating herself and said, “Ball, this is a ball. Ball.” N tries to repeat after her and trying to tell he me, he lends against me and said, “ba”. Nathanial could only pronounce the beginning of the word. Then

Ibrahim, Kilpatrick, Reilly, and Vogel (2009) performed a comparative study of the acoustic measures of hypernasality in the speech of school-aged children aged 2-14 years, some with cleft lip/palate and others without cleft lip/palate. Ibrahim, Kilpatrick, Reilly, and Vogel (2009) provided perceptual ratings of the hyper/hyponasality of vowel production in the children’s speech. Any child who was sick or had acquired an upper respiratory infection was excluded from the study, as was any child with cleft lip/palate who also had any other disorders or comorbidities. The study included a perceptual assessment in which two speech therapists were required to agree upon the perception of the phonemes the child produced. Each child held and sustained two vowels, followed by production of two CVC words without nasal phonemes. This process was repeated five times with each child. The

Cutting edge Korean slides from Middle Korean, which thus dives from Old Korean, whiplummets from the dialect talked in Prehistoric Korea (named Proto-Korean), whose nature is wrangled, to a limited extent since Korean hereditary inceptions are dubious. A connectch ion of Korean (together with its wiped out relatives which shape the Koreanic family) with Japonic dialects has been proposed by etymologists like William George Aston and Samuel Martin. Roy Andrew Miller and others proposed or bolstered the incorporation of Koreanic and Japonic dialects in the implied Altaic family (a full scale family that would contain Tungusic, Mongolian and Turkic families), now not acknowledged by generally masters.

Every language constitutes its own sound system, and this sound system is a very important aspect when learning or studying a language. Along with this sound system are the prosodic features of a language. This study is about the phonological system and the prosodic features of