How Nature and Nurture Affects the Pies in Adolescence and Adulthood

2.1 Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors

D1 Evaluate how nature –nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for two stages of development of the individual.

Both normative and nonnormative influences and nature and nurture influences both shed light on human development over childhood and adolescence. The nature and nurture debate refers to whether particular aspects of development are a result of inherited characteristics (nature) or obtained characteristics (nurture). The answer to what characteristics were obtained by which source is a difficult task as there is still much to learn about the way genetic markers work and how their patterning influence organisms. Instead nature and nurture should be looked at as a intricate ecology (Claiborne, Drewery, Paki, & Peters, 2014). This is where characteristics are not considered to have only a single source but can linked to a contribution of our genetic

Development of children begins at conception however the parent’s health and lifestyle prior to conception could influence a baby development.

In D1 I will be assessing the genetic and social factors on a person’s development; I will be using the David Reimer and few case studies of my own about twins. I will then come to my own conclusion of which one I think is the most important in each story nature or nurture.

The classic debated topic of Nature versus Nurture has been and will always be a quarrelsome subject in the scientific world. Meaning, the issue of the level to which environment and heredity sway behavior and development in a person. Nature can be defined as, behaviors due to heredity. This means the behaviors is based on the inherited makeup of an individual and is an influence of the growth and development of that individuals’ all through life. On the other hand nurture is causes of behaviors that are environmental. This Intel’s the influence is from the individual’s parents, siblings, family, friends and all other experiences that individual exposed to during life. However, these concept of ideas supports the inborn genetic framework,

2.2. Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors

One of the main, and most controversial topics discussed in a child’s development is, nature vs. nurture. Nature pertains to genetic influences that a child has inherited from their parents, such as traits, abilities, and capacities. For instance, what color eyes the child may have, how athletic they may be, and even their brain development. Whereas nurture, refers to the environment the child is raised in and how this shapes their behaviors. Such factors can include, the family’s socio-economic status, schooling, parental discipline, as well as whether the child is provided with enough resources. When it comes to nature or nurture having a stronger influence then the other, the answer is both, nature and nurture, influence the outcome of the child. This idea that both nature and nurture, play a part in how the child will develop, is known as the nature-nurture continuum.

This paper is going to discuss the Nature vs Nurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. Interviews with a sibling set of sisters, one adopted and one biological separated by 4 months in age will show us how being raised in the same environment will over shadow biological beginnings. The Nature vs Nurture debate will be discussed in

Technological advances in the past decade have allowed scientists to study the brain in ways that have led to new understanding about how young children develop. There is a new understanding of both the capabilities and the vulnerabilities of infants and young children and that understanding is has influenced the work of caregivers and teachers. During pregnancy, the basic architecture of the brain is formed. Although, certain experiences do influence the developing brain during pregnancy, such as maternal health and stress, intake of drugs and/or alcohol, and quality of maternal nutrition.

The debate between nature verse nurture theories focus on whither a person’s development is dependent upon ones genetic blueprint or the

An estimated 12% of babies are born prematurely, with approximately 1,4% are born at 32 weeks or earlier and weigh less than 1500 grams. Premature babies will continuously face a significant risk of severe neurodevelopmental problems, such as language and cognitive delays; permanent neurosensory impairments; motor deficits; learning disabilities; socioemotional and neurobehavioral issues (Browne, 2003). Developmental care during the last several weeks of gestation positively influence neurodevelopmental functioning as research on cognitive development and brain volume abnormalities has shown that a premature birth can disrupt the fetal brain development, which then reduces the reginal cortical volumes most prominently in the sensorimotor regions (Tessier et al., 2009). Major impairments are most likely to occur in much younger and smaller premature babies and many of the underlying deficits can lead to difficulties in school for those who were born in need of the NICU, such as neurodevelopmental and socioemotional issues. These may include speech and language disorders, neuromotor disorders, cognitive delays, and perceptual issues, these difficulties may continue into adolescence and young adulthood. The youngest survivors, at approximately 28 weeks gestation or earlier, face a 25% chance of permanent impairment in one or more functioning area, whereas, babies born at 32 weeks have less than an 8% chance of an irreversible impairment (Browne, 2003).

The article, Effect of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Offspring's Cognitive Ability: Empirical Evidence for Complete Confounding in the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth , written by three gentlemen: G. David Batty, Geoff Der and, Ian J. Deary addressed the impact on prenatal health by mothers that smoke cigarettes and the impact on infant development through young adulthood. There were numerous studies that reported maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy related to lower IQ scores in offspring. Prenatal development stages are three stages of about 36 weeks, during this time the mothers that were smoking lead to major structural abnormalities. Smoking tobacco can have serious consequences, such as miscarriage, prematurity,

The development of human being during the entire course of life, focus on biological and psychological growth (Berk, 2010). Human development hold several outcomes that are altered by both positive and negative influences. Genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) influences place significant impact on human development. In fact, Pinker (2004) submits that behavior is the result of a complex collaboration among inheritance and environmental factors in human development, ultimately supporting that nature-nurture work collectively (Pinker, 2004).

It has been a very heated debate as to whether nature or nurture has a greater effect on the development of children. I believe that a nurturing environment has a stronger influence on a child’s personality than the role of nature. This class has provided me with more support and in agreement with my claim and it has given me a new perspective as to which parenting class I will use when I have my own family.