How Online Business And Communication Is An Indispensable Part Of Today 's Merging Era Essay

There are two main ideas covered in the first chapter. The first is that the idea of a free and open internet, while containing some merit at first, is going away quickly, with governments rapidly finding ways to exert control over the use of cyberspace both in their borders and out. The second main idea is that cyberwarfare and computers present new angles of conflict from conventional weaponry such as the intended targets, method of implementation, potential impacts, and level of damage caused. The author draws on multiple examples from different countries and time periods to support his main

When considering the technological advances over the past 50 years, the Internet has undoubtedly had the greatest impact on everyday life of developed economies and its citizens. The world has become smaller, societies interconnected, and the pace of global integration dramatically increased since the introduction of the Internet. With the world connected, cyber actors represent a very real and often underestimated threat to the United States’ ability to defend national security, protect industrial innovation, and secure privacy information. As a result of globalization, the foreign cyber actors represent the most imminent threat to national security, corporate innovation, and citizen privacy rights.

Today however, a new type of warfare has emerged and occurs when outside entities conduct an attack on a power grid, network, or both with the intent of causing damage. This type of warfare is called cyber warfare. In the United States computers control everything. It is no secret that hostile countries and terrorist organizations are cognizant and they know our economy, security, and infrastructure can be crippled by a successful cyber-attack. Examples of potential targets for cyber terrorists include military bases, water systems, banking facilities, air traffic control centers and power plants. Even the Commander in Chief, President Obama has stated the threat of a cyber war is real and we must prepare for it and increase our security measures. First, this paper will discuss cyberterrorism and cyber-attacks as they pose a direct threat to national security and the economy. Then, we will review cyber-attacks against the U.S. from China, Iran, and Russia along with the impact and possible ramifications from those attacks. Finally, this paper discusses U.S. strategies to minimize the impact of cyber-attacks.

The United States houses more than 15 critical infrastructures, all of which implement information and communication technologies (ICT) systems, making the risk of a cyberwar a constant possibility. In order to

Adam Segal’s “The Hacked World Order” reveals many prevalent issues in today’s technologically centered society. Starting at Year Zero, June 2012 to June 2013, the battle over cyberspace witnessed world-changing cyberattacks. This was accomplished due to the fact that nearly 75% of the world’s population has easy access to a mobile phone, and the Internet connects nearly 40% of the total human population, which is nearly 2.7 billion people. With that being said, cyberattacks are becoming a more realistic form of terror.

There is a serious threat to America's current and continued security. This threat comes from reliance on the Internet. With the openness of the Internet and the potential for anonymity, the Internet becomes an easy avenue for enemies to stage a covert attack. “Some governments, like China, have made cyber-warfare a critical part of their military doctrine, in part to help counter the advantage the U.S. has in conventional and nuclear war fighting capability. The United States is highly vulnerable to a timed, well-organized attack from another state or no state

Authors Gartze and Rid attempt to use the Clausewitz key words of force, violence, and lethality in their argument against a cyber war (Cyber War Will Take Place, Stone). This definition is archaic and does not take in to account the new world environment and power of some state and non-state actors in the cyber realm.

According to the director of National Intelligence James Clapper, “The cyber warfare threat facing the United States is increasing in scope and scale and its impact is difficult to overstate” (Jason and Steve 6). Now the United State of America is also under the threat of Cyberwarfare; people must get known about their rights and ways to protect them self, also the big origination holding the public records should be alerted and the precaution should must taken right away for the safe side. Looking towards the issues of cyberwarfare in United States of America, four aspects should be taken in consideration that is what is cyberwarfare, how it works, offensive of it and defensive of it.

Since the birth of the Internet in the 1990s, national and cyber security experts are concerned that a “digital Pearl Harbor” can occur

These days cyber-attacks are one of the top crimes in the world. We all connected online in some way. I have personally been a victim of a cyber hack when my bank card was stolen and sold on the dark web. In a matter of minutes my card made multiple purchases in several different states. This has made me more aware of my digital footprint. Based on my own actions and the actions of the institutes I choose to occupy. Cyber security and surveillance has become a constant challenge for any person, company, institution and country. Even our own government has taken measures to protect the nation’s information.

For thousands of years warfare remained relatively unchanged. While the tactics and weapons have changed as new methods of combat evolved, men and women or their weapons still had to meet at the same time and place in order to attack, defend, surrender or conquer. However, the advent of the of the internet has created a new realm of combat in which armies can remotely conduct surveillance, reconnaissance, espionage, and attacks from an ambiguous and space-less digital environment. Both state and non-state actors have already embraced this new realm and utilized both legal and illegal means to further facilitate their interests. What complicates cyber security further is as states attempt to protect themselves from cyber-warfare, private

Before explaining how to establish international cyber security and peace, it is essential to understand why cyberspace presents such a threat to national security. Adam Segal asserts that the most prominent issue of cyberspace is the anarchy in which it exists (Cite). According to Segal, the past 60 years of international relations, known as the “nuclear age”, have been governed by a very clear set of rules, predominantly arms control and international institutions that do not apply to cyberspace. The result of an unregulated cyberspace is the emergence of cybercrime that cost over a trillion dollars a year and the stealing of private information by individuals and governments (Cybersecurity: A Global Issue). In 2015 the Washington Office of Personnel Management was the victim of a cyber attack traced back to the Chinese government that exposed the records, addresses, and personal details of over 14 million US government employees (Bremmer). Later in 2015, even following an agreement between the US and China to attempt to limit cyber security breaches between their nations US technological group Crowdstrike reported that several US pharmaceuticals were targeted by multiple Chinese industries (Kharpal). ISIS also has breached US security by tapping government twitter and Facebook feeds to announce an ISIS Caliphate determined to target American soldiers and domestic security (Lohrmann). ISIS has been able to find private information on the lives of countless US soldiers

The cyber-world around us is an evolving organic entity. The incredible advancements with technology and the interconnectivity between such systems make everyday life for the average American as easy as swiping a finger. From a person’s smartphone used to pass the time by mindlessly playing games to the United States’ federal computer networks filled with incredibly confidential databases and mainframes, the wide range of differing types of technology and networks is utilized for an even larger spectrum of capabilities, depending on who is operating. With a world that is becoming much more dependent on these networks running smoothly and efficiently as possible, these networks are becoming prime targets for individuals or organizations that may have other, more malicious ideas of how to utilize the true capabilities of these networks. Present day has seen its fair share of networks that have been compromised by unauthorized actors, but the real question that arises with this looming theory of “cyberterrorism” is what the actors’ desired endstate is. When a network is hacked and compromised, how the act is categorized is all dependent on the identity of those guilty, the intended targets, the desired outcome, and the overarching desired outcome the actors wished would come to fruition. All these components have led to the classification of cybercrimes, cyberterrorism,

In this modern world, Information Technology forms the integral part of any kind of business. In the 21st century, countries across the globe have come to rely on complex computer networks that form the infrastructural backbone of even the most basic necessities of life, including electric power grids, global finance, food distribution, medical care, clean drinking water, petroleum production, and most types of communication. The protection of such networks, known as cyber security, is among the highest priorities in the civilized world, alongside planning and operations for major contingencies, including antiterrorism and land warfare. (Al-Saud, 2012:75).In Middle East region, the IT industry is dynamically growing along

The convenience and wide communication channels available through cyberspace has attracted not only consumers and businesses but also the government to offer services and products worldwide. Cyberspace development and evolution has been one of many great successes experienced by our world and protecting the infrastructure has become ever so difficult due to technological advances and complexity (Canada, 2014). The progression towards complete invulnerability and shielded virtual world provides for great challenges. Although, each year there are an increased amount of spammers identified, subsequent years conveys in attackers becoming increasingly sophisticated and capable which brings about added difficulty in remaining sustainable and proactive (Canada, 2014). These aforementioned situations are why the government and society are pursing active roles to assist in securing the cyber infrastructure and evident that we are not completely safe in cyberspace. Virtual users demand protection online from spammers and other threats but also significant amount of privacy simultaneously. In today’s digital era privacy is considered to be diminishing due to the amount of resources and capabilities available to authoritative agencies and virtual criminals. Individual’s profiles, accounts and transactions are easier to identify than ever before due to the infinite transactions and activities performed daily.