How Organelles Work Together to Make and Secrete the Protein Insulin

There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum the Smooth ER and the Rough ER. you can distinguish that both of the ER’s are different to each other, this is shown in the diagram above that one is smooth ER and the other is rough ER the rough ER has ribsomes attracted to it while the smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. The two ER’s have different function to each other.

They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out. The ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the ER. As the ribosomes builds the amino acid chain, the chain is pushed into the ER. When the protein is complete, the rough ER pinches off a vesicle. That vesicle, a small membrane bubble, can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus

An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.

All cells have a cellular membrane, which is a thin layer of fat that encloses the cell. A cell membrane is a protective barrier that indicates what goes in and out of it. In a hospital this would be the security guards and doors because the doors are basic entries into a building and security guards determines who and what should be allowed in. All cells also have a cytoplasm which is the jelly-like fluid that fills up a cell and allows the organelles to move

Integral membrane proteins are also synthesized and transported via the secretory pathway. This pathway would include the ER and the Golgi complex. Protein synthesis occurs on the bound ribosomes, and then they get translocated into the ER lumen. Here they get properly folded and have some post-translational modifications such as N-linked and O-linked gylcosylation and disulfide bonds (depending on what modification that particular protein may need).

“The secretory vesicles store molecules and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus until the cell is ready to release them. “

The golgi apparatus is an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell. The job of the golgi apparatus is to package the proteins so that they are able to travel out of the cell. The vacuole can be found inside the cell. The vacuole is a saclike, membrane-enclosed structure. The vacuole is in charge of storing materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Another organelle found in the cell is a lysosomes. A lysosome is a small organelle filled with enzymes. This organelle breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. The cell wall is an important organelle in the plant cell. The cell wall is a strong supporting layer around the membrane. The cell wall is responsible for protecting the cell and providing structure to the cell. Lastly, the vesicles are very important to the cell. Vesicles are membrane enclosed storage organelles that are smaller than vacuoles. The job of vesicles is to store and move materials between organelles and to and from the cell

In the beginning of the article, the writer describes the main function of lysosomes and how lysosomes relate to other organelles in other types of cells. In the writer’s words, “Lysosomes are found in animal cells...In plant and fungal cells, a similar type of function is carried out inside vacuoles”(p. 1).

Insulin is a hormone synthesized exclusively by the pancreatic beta cells. These beta cells are located in the pancreas in clusters known as the islets of Langerhans. Insulin is a small protein produced as part of a larger protein to ensure it folds properly. In the protein assembly of

Cells make up every living thing. They are mandatory to life and its functions.  The cell allows us to do our functions, while doing its own (Cobb, ed., 2009).  Inside cells, there are organelles that carry out functions for the cell to live.  They have many different kinds of organelles, such as the golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus ("Cellular Transport," 2009).  They all have different jobs to allow the cell to function, but the cell membrane  has a job that that is done in various different ways. Cell membranes are critical to transporting particles for organelles of the cell.

A cell has many parts to it. Whether it is the ribosomes or the lysosomes, each of them has a certain job and reason why they are in a cell. Without the different parts of each cell it could not survive. Sometimes a cell can be referred to a house. In many ways it is. A house has certain parts that play major jobs in our daily lives. If one thing went wrong with a part of our house then it would mess up the other parts. In fact many parts of a house are like some parts of a cell. For instance some of the cell organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuoles, cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and lysosome.

Insulin is the primary factor which controls the storage and metabolism of ingested metabolic fuels. Insulin production is more or less constant within the beta cells, irrespective of blood glucose levels. It is stored within vacuoles and released by exocytosis. The release of the hormone is triggered due to rise in blood glucose levels after eating. The carbohydrates present in food are converted to glucose and absorbed in blood and used by the body as fuel. Insulin is the principal hormone released into the blood by beta cells that regulates glucose uptake from the blood into most cells (primarily muscle and fat cells). Insulin is also responsible for conversion of glucose to glycogen for internal storage in liver and muscle cells. Lowered

Lysosomes are present in almost all animal cells and some non - green plant cells They perform intracellular digestion. Membranous sacs budded off from golgi body. Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags” as enzymes contained in them can digest the cell’s own material when damaged or dead.Importance of intracellular digestion by the lysosomes help in nutrition of the cell by digesting food, as they are rich in various enzymes which enable them to digest almost all major chemical constituents of the living cell. Help in defence by digesting germs, as in white blood cells. Help in cleaning up the cell by

Lysosome: A film bound organelle containing hydrolytic (digestive) catalysts. Lysosomes begin as layer bound vesicles (called Golgi vesicles) that bud from the Golgi mechanical assembly. They are basically required with intracellular processing. Lysosomes wire with vesicles (little vacuoles) framed by endocytosis. The substance of these vesicles are processed by lysosomal chemicals. Auto absorption by lysosomes likewise happens amid embryonic improvement. The fingers of a human developing life are webbed at first, however are isolated from each other by lysosomal catalysts. Cells in the tail of a tadpole are processed by lysosomal compounds amid the continuous move into a frog.

Lysosomes: contain hydrolytic enzymes which aid in the digestion of particles and disintegration of cells. Formed by the Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes are surrounded by a membrane-bound cell organelle which contain acidic enzyme material, because of their small sac-like appearance and the digestive acidic material contained within, Lysosomes are often referred to as "suicide sacs" or "suicide bags".