How Planetary Differentiation Affected The Layers Of The Earth

There are three main layers on the Earth. The first is, the crust, the outer layer of Earth. It’s everywhere, on dry land and the ocean floor, however it’s

There were two main ways scientist learned about Earth's interior. One of the two ways is rock samples. For rock samples they use rocks that come up to the surface or they drill underground. The second way is seismic waves. That is what I learned about Earth’s interior.

The core is the last layer of the Earth, which is broken down into the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. The inner core is about thirteen hundred kilometers thick and the outer core is about twenty-three hundred kilometers thick. A nickel-iron alloy mixture makes up the outer core, and the inner is almost all composed of iron. It is believed that the Earth’s magnetic field is controlled by the outer core (Fowler p478)

Major Geological Event: The Earth was formed by gravity pulling debris into a swirling mass of rock, radioactive decay and rock impacts generated large amounts of heat melting the planets together. Gravity allowed it to gain the spherical shape it has. Materials in higher density formed the core (Iron, Nickel) while materials in lower density became the mantle and crust. Tectonic plates moving around so much made Volcanoes and the gasses released slowly formed the atmosphere. First signs of life increased the oxygen content, and in turn caused Oceans to form from the rain.

Like the other terrestrial planets, Earth’s interior is divided into layers which are distinguished by their chemical or physical properties. These layers consist of a core composed of iron and nickel, an upper and lower mantle composed of viscous silicates, and a crust composed of solid silicate materials.

Thanks to static electricity ice, dirt, rocks and other grains of solid material slowly began to gather together forming bigger pieces, those pieces formed bigger pieces, having a “snowball” effect. They eventually became big enough to have their own gravitational field which then collected more material, eventually creating a planet. More material meant more mass, which gave the forming planet even more gravity. With tons and tons of material, and gravity pushing it together, intense pressure causes intense heat. This combination of pressure and heat gives the earth its molten interior.

Natural or human-made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset—split into pieces and carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized as the plates grind along, creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. As the plates alternately jam and jump against each other, earthquakes rattle through a wide boundary zone. The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure. The lithosphere is divided into 15 major tectonic plates: the North American, Caribbean, South American, Scotia, Antarctic, Eurasian, Arabian, African, Indian, Philippine, Australian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and

It has been known for well over a century now that the Earth’s core, mantle and the crust make up the basic structure of the Earth. However, there is some controversy over how and when the Earth produced its core, mantle and crust. In this essay, I will first discuss about the formation of the Early Earth and its Moon, then about the methods used to pinpoint the age of the Earth. Other than that, I will also expand on core and mantle formation, as well as the eventual production of the continental crust.

The process of the formation of igneous rocks begin all the way down in the Earth's mantle. The mantle consisted of hot magma that is constantly moving due to the convection currents. Convection is the heat transfer of liquid and gases .As the bottom of the mantle begin to heat up, the magma rises to the top because it becomes less dense. Once it reaches the top it cools off and becomes more dense and fall back to the bottom and the cycle of convection begin again.

Earth, the Earth is the only inner planet [Mercury, Venus, Earth and mars] to have one large satellite, the moon. Mars has two very tiny moons mercury and venus have none. The Earth is fragile. Its surface is split into plates [tectonic plates] which float on a rocky mantle- the layer between the surface of the Earth, its crust, and its hot liquid core. The inside of the Earth is active and earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain building takes place along the boundaries of the tectonic

The plates in our planets surface move on account of the serious warmth in the Earth's center. This causes liquid rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a way called a convection cell that structures when warm material ascents, cools, and finally sink down. As the chilled material sinks off, it is warmed and rises once

Conclusion The hypothesis for the Earth’s Layers Lab was “If the Earth has layers, then the denser material will be closer to the center of the Earth,“ and the hypothesis was accepted. The data collected during the experiment accepted the hypothesis was that the sand from film canister #1 had a density of 0.32 g/mL3 and the canister would float on top of the water. The sand from film canister #2 had a density of 0.99 g/mL3 and the top of the canister would be right below the surface if the water. Finally, the sand from film canister #3 had a density of 1.17 g/mL3 and the canister sunk to the bottom of the container of water.

In general, magnetic minerals such as magnetite and hematite are studied to gain more insight on our magnetic field. When the minerals are formed, their magnetism is lined up with the Earth’s. This important, and many times, permanent, form of evidence can help scientists understand the history of the rock formations in question. The magnetism can not only be used to understand the past rotation of continents, but also the latitude that the rock formed at. This is due to the inclination of the specific magnetic field. The inclinations of the lines of force of the magnetic field get steeper at higher latitudes near the geographic North Pole (top of the axis of rotation of the earth), as well as the geographic South Pole. This vital fact lets scientists determine North-South motions of the past locales of the Earth’s continents. An important distinction that they found between today and the past is difference in positioning between the current magnetic North Pole and the one in the past. In the present day, groupings of minerals dated to the same time period at specific continents have common magnetic field characteristics, and their fields are often not lined up with our current Magnetic North pole. The older the minerals, the more drastic difference they have between our current Magnetic North. Scientists can calculate from this that these large groups of minerals, the continents, must have moved over time so that their magnetic fields were different in the past. Also, when comparing different continents they found that the pathways were strikingly different, indicating local changes in trends. Therefore, the differing magnetic fields of minerals found within our continents can help prove the theory of Continental

Planetary differentiation is where different substances of a certain planet settle and become individual layers of a planet. For example, about 4.6 billion years ago, the different substances of Earth settled into the four layers we know today (crust, mantle, outer core, inner core). This is an example of planetary differentiation. As shown by the image above, Jupiter does indeed go through some form of PD. All of the metallic hydrogen is at the center, the liquid hydrogen is in between, and gaseous hydrogen is at the

Earth is in fact an intricate planet that has multiple layers of differing compositions. To be exact the earth has four main layers. The uppermost layer is the one humans come in most contact with, the crust. The crust consists of “thin silicate rock material”(Structure of the). Although the crust is not entirely the same. Actually there are two distinct types of crust, oceanic and continental. “The continental crust is made up of mostly rocks similar to granite while the oceanic crust is much denser and made up of a material similar to basalt”(Structure of the, Rose). The second layer is called the mantle. “The mantle is much denser than the crust and contains similar to the crust mostly solid silicate crust”(Structure of the). “As we travel further down the earth we wind up in the outer core. The outer core is a core of molten nickel and iron. Finally there’s the inner core. The inner is a solid metal core made up of nickel and iron”(Structure of the). All these layers functioning together cast out a magnetic