How Teachers Can Help Children Learn a Second Language Effectively by the Teaching Satrategies They Use in Class

In an interpretive study on kindergarteners, Bacigalupa (2005), found that even small children rather spend time playing video games when given the opportunity, than play with each other. He observed that “when children were focused on video games, their interactions with one another were disjointed, rushed, and ineffective”.

These teachers make learning game-like through the incorporation of play and music into the lessons. The alphabet, for example, has been taught for the past many years by song, and in the past counting was taught with a song about little Indian boys. By making teaching game-like teachers also have had an effect on the information retained by the students participating in the games.

According to Lev Vygotsky, in the article Play: The Work of Lev Vygotsky (2017), when children partake in play they are building their language and cognitive development

The game is the primary way to learn about themselves, others and the environment; universal, all children known, instinctive and essential part of growing up and the formation of personality. Childhood without games and hanging out with friends is unthinkable. The children most of the time in the game, and the development, learning and work will be more successful if they take place through the game or contain elements of the game. Through play a child learns, develops, and reveals him and the world through experimenting with different materials, sounds, resources, research, and other methods, role-play. It develops the child a sense of security, self-reliance, self-control, competence and develop skills in all areas (motor, emotional, cognitive, social and language skills), and to strengthen self-confidence. Parents and other considerate adults can help children how to cope with psychological stress. Symptoms in children may vary depending on their age. If children shows significant changes in behavior or if any of the following symptoms over an extended period of time adults should contact a

the games that they play with, including puzzle games should be to do with words, for example,

In early years at school young students sometimes find basic concepts hard to grasp, difficult to master and a challenge to recall. Young children are also very keen on playing games. Can we use this enthusiasm to help them master the basic concepts which they will need for their future education?

Play should involve children interacting with their teachers and peers. Children can develop their language through play (E.g. Nursery rhymes and verbal jokes.) Language must be modelled by adults in order for children to develop their own language skills correctly. Children give themselves challenges and set their own targets when they are playing and can do this according to their own interests and it makes them aware of their strengths and abilities.

According to the Child Development Institute, “75 percent of brain development occurs after birth”. Physical play helps a child to develop, fine and gross motor skills, socialization, personal awareness, language, creativity and problem solving are improved. Ideal physical play incorporates play with social interactions and problem solving (Wonderly 2013). These are games that children can play anywhere. They can go home and teach their parent to be active and participate in these activities to get some exercise themselves. Another great thing for the childhood room is to play board games such as Connect Four, Memory, or UNO. Social cognitive theorists emphasize playing board games to help the child in becoming a self-regulated learner. Games can exercise children’s decision making function and self-regulation skills, and allow them to practice these skills once they have a game down pat. Once the skills are down pat, switch it up on them and create a different way to practice decision making. Through strategizing, a child’s working memory, inhibitory control, and flexibility have to work together to support effective play. (Stregelin 2002) This will teach them to get along with others and authoritative figures. This is needed to respect others when they grow up. A

Play is essential in child development, because skills such as language, physical, emotional, social, literacy, creative, and cognitive are developed. A variety of play, activities, and toys, require different words to describe the play that is occurring, enhancing language development. Language development is important in communication, language forms & functions, intentional verbal interactions (asking and answering questions), and playing with language (i.e., rhymes, jokes, & riddles).

When we teach children the language to use in order to either invite other children into their play or to enter into other children’s play, we often make the assumption that by knowing the right words to say, children should be able to initiate play. But to successfully get others to play requires the abilities to share ideas, negotiate, compromise, and to move on when told, “I don’t want to play with you right now.” Some children need direct teaching of these skills, while others may need reminder activities. For those children who appear to be competent in initiating play, these activities

children to play together puts them in situations that allow their minds to meet new challenges and

Play is valuable in school, as it enables children to freely express themselves. This may occur during social interactions with their peers or as an individual. Play provides a valuable opportunity for a child to use their imagination as a tool for learning, by extracting and processing new information in regard to the world around them. This is supported by Lev Vygotsky a psychologist, who believed that “play led children’s development, as it could enable them to step outside their actual lives to explore, through imagination, a wider set of meanings and understanding”.(Study topic 13, page 165).

There are shopping trolley games where there is a shopping list and different cards with food products and their names on and children will need to memorize the pictures as well as saying the name on the card. This is a cerebral game that expands their speech development.

The importance of play has been a long debated topic in elementary schools across the United States. There have been numerous research studies conducted to discover if play is effective or not. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky 's theory of cognitive development posits that information from the external world is transformed and internalized through language.  Since language is both a symbolic system of communication and a cultural tool used to transmit culture and history, play is an essential part of both language development and a child 's understanding of the external world (Bodrova & Leong, 2010). Children have dialogues with others when they engage in play, which enhances cognitive development.

Young children love to explore learning through different kinds of play! Play activity is one of the active learning techniques. For example, peer play improves preschoolers’ language, social, gross motor and cognitive skills. Children grow and develop better through verbal communication and physical performance. Social