How Technology Has Changed Real Time Digital Operations

The use of nano-materials and extreme precision micro-engineering has the potential for great improvement in the world of electronics and information technology by providing smaller, faster, and more powerful computers and this has been at the forefront of the nanotechnology commercialization . Great examples of how nanotechnology is currently being used in these fields are products such as processors, data storage, and memory components made with nano-materials, TVs, monitors and even smartphone screens that use organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), and waterproof electronics such as smartphones due to the application of nano-coatings

For this section I will talk about nanosensors that are becoming popular in the medical field and the block chain, which is the digital currency. Although these two technologies have been here for a while, it is only recently that they have their own spotlight in the emerging technologies as they have advanced greatly from what they were before to what is planned for them.

One would at first believe that it is pure imagination, when told what nanotechnology is, it is going to completely change the way that we act, think, and as a whole, change the way that our society works and interacts within itself. In other words, dictionary.com has defined nanotechnology as "A technology executed on the scale of less than 100 nanometers, thegoal of which is to control individual atoms and molecules, especially tocreate computer chips and other microscopic devices.", this means, that nanotech operates on a scale 1,0 × 10-9 meters to 1,0 × 10-7 meters. To give a mental representation of this, if a marble were a nanometer, then one meter would be the size of the Earth(http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition). Just having to imagine that number is complicated confusing. Already now, the number seems to be impossible to even imagine, but the mere fact that nanotechnology is a tech that operates and interferes with these molecules on a molecular level is just fascinating.

To begin with in layman’s language or maybe for a person who has limited or little knowledge about physics, quantum dots are materials that are small but are sufficient to exhibit quantum mechanical properties. Quantum dots were first discovered in 1980. They exhibit electronic properties which are between semiconductors and discrete molecules. That is the very reason for the unusually high surface to volume ratio. The most visible use of quantum dots is in fluorescence where the nanocrystal is capable of producing different distinctive colors determined by their particle size.

The development of digital integrated circuits is challenged by higher power consumption. The combination of higher clock speed, greater functional integration and smaller process geometries has marked their contribution to significant growth in power density. Scaling improvises the transistor in 65nm and below density and functionality on a chip. It helps to increase speed and frequency operation, hence giving a higher performance. As voltage scales downward with geometries, threshold voltages must also decrease to gain the performance advantages of the new technology but leakage technology increases exponentially. Thinner gate oxides have led to an increase in gate leakage current. Today, leakage power has become an increasingly

Quantum dots (QDs) also known as, semiconductor nanocrystals which are bright, photo stable flurophores that have a broad excitation spectrum but a narrow Gaussian emission at wavelengths controllable by the size of the material. It can be synthesized in many ways like Epitaxial growth modes such as Vander Merve, Volmer-Weber, and Stranski-Krastanow are layer by layer methods of synthesizing quantum dots on a crystal substrate. Newer methods used to produce colloidal quantum dots give better control of the size and shape formed during nucleation [1, 13] .The most basic characteristic shared by all quantum dots is that they quantumly confine electrons in three dimensions, thus making it behave like an artificial atom [10,19].

In the past decades, the field of science and technology evolved, and flourished with many inventions and advancements. Everyday, our science community continues to come up with new ideas to improve the world, especially in nanotechnology industry. The technologies that scientists have developed have greatly impacted the world. New technological discoveries are constantly being made in this this field, and projects are underway that will soon be used in the future years. The expansion of nanotechnology will improve the lives of many citizens because scientists are currently implementing the findings into the environment, engine oil industry, and medical field.

Said physicist Richard P. Feynman in his visionary talk to the American Physical Society, when he envisioned the fabrication of micro- and nano devices and declared that one day the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica could be written on the head of a pin. Feynman’s vision has finally begun to manifest, thanks to ever more sophisticated microelectronics. Micro and nano scale machines are ushering a multibillion-dollar market as they are being incorporated in virtually every electronic devices.

According to Moore Law, the number of transistors on electric devices doubles every two years. Transistors need to be designed smaller and smaller to keep the devices in the same size. However, the size of traditional silicon transistors cannot be reduced infinitely. Today, nanotechnology has become a hopeful way to overcome this problem, which is to build nano-scale transistors to satisfy Moore Law. [1]

“Technology has revolutionized the way in which all humans go about their daily lives. In every second of every day, our world and way of life becomes more developed and dependent on technology for the basic needs of human existences. Whether it is at home, work, school, walking down the street, or listening to music, technology has allowed people to do things better, faster, and more efficiently. As the world continues to explode with new technology being developed and current technology being high-quality, the focus on technology in education will be more and more important. Technology can significantly improve the development of learning and it is important that an understanding of (related to computers and science) principles and

Nano computers have the potential to revolutionize the 21st century in the same way that the transistor led to the information age. Increased investments in nanotechnology could lead to breakthroughs such as molecular computers. Billions of very small, fast, and cheap computers networked together can fundamentally change the face of modern IT computing. This miniaturization has already spawned a whole series of consumer-based computing products: computerized clothes, smart furniture, and access to the internet that is a thousand times faster than the late 20th century’s dial-up technology.

Electronics and nanotechnology working together would yield a holistic solution to data storage problems that are encountered with conventional techniques. This paper aims at familiarizing the reader about some of the available and emerging data storage technologies which are direct consequences of advancement of

To overcome the terminology and nomenclature issues, a standardization committee, ISO TC229 "Nanotechnologies", started in 2005, and a joint working group with IEC 113 "Nanotechnology Standardization for Electrical and Electronic Products and Systems"

The design challenges of the aforementioned intelligent sensors originate from their high-density circuits, especially DSP circuits performing multiply-and-accumulate (MAC), i.e., adders and coefficient multipliers (DSP algorithms usually involve many MAC operations), which require a large circuit area and high power consumption. This is one of the most critical problems in integrated intelligent sensor design. For example, in [34] a seizure detector consumed more than 50% of the circuit area and power in a System-on-a-Chip (SOC), even though an advanced lookup table (LUT) method was applied, which saved more than 50% of the total gate count in the digital filters [35]. The power cost of the chip may require battery replacement every six hours, which is not convenient or feasible for many patients. Essentially, the large circuit area and high power consumption of MAC circuits limit system performance and raise chip costs. Medical applications generally require higher resolution and higher reliability, which only exacerbates the problem.

The science of a wide sea and the wheel of science in progress continues and never stand so we find every day what is new in different scientific fields and there is no doubt that nanotechnology has become the subject of modern science and the focus of interest and has become at the forefront of the most important areas in physics, chemistry, biology and others.