How Testing Is Used For Object Oriented Environment

“During the object-oriented analysis (OOA) phase object-modeling techniques are used to analyze the functional requirements for a system and create models which reflect the logical design of the system. During the object-oriented design (OOD) phase of the system, models are elaborated upon to include implementation specific details that show how the physical design of the system will come together. OOA focuses on what the system does (its static structure and behavior), OOD on how the system does it (its run-time implementation).”

The universal screening method I chose for students at a third grade level is standardized testing. This testing process can be used in two ways to help determine which students need intervention. The first way is by using the achievement subtests in reading. The subtests would be provided to all students at the beginning of the day. The morning I feel is the best because the students minds are fresh and ready to go. The specific tests that would be provided to these students for reading would be oral reading and sentence reading fluency.

In Object-orientated approach methodology, a system is viewed as an object (Govardhan & Munassa: 71). This approach intergrades data and processes into objects. It emphasizes the construction and testing of object models. This technique uses UML diagrams such as Communication Diagrams, which show the relationship between objects, Development Diagrams which show how a complete system will be deployed on one or more machines, the Class Diagram and Sequence Diagram.

Software testing can be defined as the process of accessing the correctness of a software through an analysis of the system. The main purpose can be validation, verification and quality assurance and to affirm the quality of software system by systematically testing the software in controlled environments and to identify whether the software is complete as well as correct. For a software to be considered complete or fit for use it must pass each of the test. The fundamental problem that not all errors in a program are possible to find throws a question as to what method to adopt for testing. This paper discusses and compares the two most prevalent software testing techniques which are white box testing and black box testing. We will discuss the pros and cons of both approaches and which method should be used to deliver a quality software to the market.

Software testing is intended to find errors and defects during the software product development. Therefore sufficient effort is required to ensure that system is in line with the requirements of the corresponding phase. Manual generation of test cases and applying them on the System under Test (SUT) is a laborious process and depends on skill and expertise of the tester performing the process of testing. A test Engineer has to keep track of several issues during testing like what test cases shall exercise the program, ensure maximum coveragability, determine whether adequate testing has been done, check whether sufficient test cases are available to meet the testing requirements on time, approaches and methods involved in testing, extent of automation in testing etc.. As the above process involves much human intervention, the efficacy of the process is not consistent.

The modern programming is based on the concept that “program little and use more”. The object oriented programming languages are playing a vital role in the industry of development. The OOP introduced following concepts:

Testing can be done either manually or automatically. Testing is an important and heavily used technique to measure and ensure software quality. It is part of almost any software project. The testing phase of typical projects take up to 50% of the total project effort, [1] and hence contributes significantly to the project costs. Any change in the software can potentially influence the result of a test. For this reason tests have to be repeated often. This is error-prone, time consuming and expensive. Automatic testing significantly reduces the effort of individual tests. This implies that performing the same test becomes cheaper, or one can do more tests within the same budget. Manual testing is time consuming, unreliable and costly while Automated testing in contrast is reliable and requires less investment in human resources.

The main aim of software development is to produce high quality software. Superior quality software has characteristics like low cost, reliability and user satisfactory. Software testing is the process of assessing the software in order to discover any defects and determine if the software satisfies all the requirements. It is a step by step process of planning the requirements, executing the program and finding any defects to verify that the program meets its required

Objects and Classes are used to design a program in object-oriented programming techniques. Object refers to physical and logical state of an entity where as a Class is a logical entity only. Objects are entities that have state and behavior which can be physical or logical and tangible or intangible. Banking Systems are an example for intangible objects. The characteristics of an object is determined by its State - data or value the object represents, Behavior - represents the functional aspects like start, stop and Identity – refers to the unique ID assigned and used by JVM to identify objects uniquely not visible to the user. For example: Phone is an object. It is name as Apple, Color is white which indicates the state and is used to call or text is its behavior. Object is an instance of Class, the template and blueprint of the class in used to create objects. In other words objects are the result of a class. Objects are real and runtime entities and are determined by their state and behavior.

Introduction to Software Engineering Somnuk Keretho, Assistant Professor Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Email: sk@nontri.ku.ac.th URL: http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~sk Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University Outline of this presentation • • • • • • Scope of Software Engineering Object-Oriented Software Development Software Process Software Life-Cycle Models Object Orientation Software Quality Assessment Reference to Chapter 1/2/3 of “Software Engineering with JAVA”, S.R. Schach, McGraw-Hill, 1997. Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University 2 Scope of Software Engineering • Software engineering is a discipline whose aim is the production of fault-free software, that

The class diagram is the main building block in object oriented modelling. They are being used both for general conceptual modelling of the systematic of the application, and for detailed modelling translating the models into programming code. The classes in a class diagram communicate to both the primary objects as well as communications in the application and the objects to be customized.

Software testing is a technical task, but it also involves some important considerations of economics and human psychology. In technical aspects it is the process of analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is defects/errors/bugs) and to evaluate the features of the software item”. A software error occurs when the program does not do, what its end user reasonably expects it to do.

The main purpose of learning Object-Oriented Programming is to create programs that are maintainable and scalable. Maintainability is essential for programmers to understand the codes in a program. Therefore, the codes have to be concise and clear. Moreover, programs need to be easy to upgrade to accommodate changes in real world. Hence, we need to have the capability to build a program on another program.

Sometimes software testing is compulsory because in the software there is some faults and errors. We can not avoid the faults and this error.

There are so many features of Object – Oriented Programing. Among all of them main features are ,