How The Building Is The Largest Stage That Impacts Environment During The Life Cycle

Life cycle costing is a technique that is used to assess environmental impacts that are linked with the product life stages from manufacturing to consumption that is from raw material acquisition to processing or manufacture, distribution, consumption, maintenance and repair (Epstein & Buhovac, 2014). It shows and some of the environmental concerns associated with the product life (Koroluk, 2012).

Since by thinking about the environment we are making sure that the resources of the future generation are not endangered. The author also points out the whole idea of to redesigning the way we make things can not only depends on the manufacture but also depends on the consumer end of the business spectrum. This is due the fact the even if the manufacturer is trying to come up with ways that are safe to the environment, they are only as effective as the consumer what follows the ways to dispose of that

One of the most heavily discussed topics, in this last decade, is the environmental decay of our planet. Diverse concepts have materialized in order to find solutions for the problem. Ecology and sustainable growth have been confirmed to be the main solutions currently. Innovations for sustainable growth include: creation of hybrid cars, recycling and minor discharge of carbon dioxide in factories among others (Christ 23). Environmental awareness was also introduced to the world of fashion, unfortunately, it wasn’t very successful; lately there has been a change of situation and that is what we are going to attempt to understand.

Inventory analysis is the data collection portion of a LCA and includes a quantified list of all inputs and outputs involving the entire life cycle of the concerned system. LCI involves estimating the energy and materials consumed by the system, the energy efficiency of the system’s components, and the emissions to air, land, and water by variant processes and components of the system. The process of data collection is the most time-consuming and resource-intensive step of the LCA. The reuse of data from other studies can simplify the work; however, assuring the data are representative is essential. LCI can be utilized to discover improvement opportunities and determine life cycle stages that present the most and least detrimental impacts [4].

Abstract- It is common that the first cost is the main criteria at the time of making choice between different systems or assets. Thus it has become essential to optimize it throughout their entire life cycle from initial stage to final stage. i. e acquisition to the disposal of an asset. Life cycle costing is concerned with optimizing value of physical asset or system by considering all cost factors relating to asset during its operational life. An ability to determine the life cycle cost of building will help to evaluate the value of existing structure and make better decision for new structure or system and it also takes into account the time value of money, that is, the variation in the cost due to its timing [1].The life cycle cost analysis helps to estimate Life Cycle cost and identify the lowest cost alternative that accomplishes paper objective. An attempt has been made in this work to determine the life cycle cost of bunglow by Net Present Value of discounting approach and attempting to find out cost effective areas hence more attention is given towards them to reduce total life cycle cost.

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is the total lifespan cost incurred by an organization in purchasing, installing, operating, maintaining, and disposing off any equipment used in daily operations of the firm. In regard to this, estimation of LCC encompasses using a particular approach in identifying and quantifying components of an LCC equation (Pehnt, 2006). The use of LCC as an assessment tool when selecting possible design alternatives results in the provision of a cost-effective solution within limits of available data. In addition, a standard LCC comprises initial and operation costs, installation and commissioning costs, energy costs as well as disposal costs among others.

Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is defined as a method or a financial tool to evaluate the total cost of facility ownership, which include time period and discount rate by using discount cash flows. For example: maintenance, user, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoring, and resurfacing costs. Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) are considered all possible cash flows and they generate financial metrics of LCCA. Life cycle cost analysis is used to evaluate energy efficiency measures (EEMs) for building design and it is only considering the capital and energy costs. A simple payback analysis is defined as “the process of determining the capital cost and energy cost savings

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system. LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not. LCCA is not useful for budget allocation.

This paper discusses the use and importance of EPDs in the viable and authorization of life cycle-based product environmental impacts. The role and purpose of EPDs, market acceptance of EPD schemes, costs of EPDs to start using this information tool. It also concludes with a look at potential developments regarding the use of EPDs in support of product environmental claims. Finally, manufacturers who use EPDs help to create a greater public awareness of the environmental impact aspects of products, thereby contributing to global sustainability efforts.

Following the carbon movement sustainable performance calculation nowadays takes the production of carbon dioxide as the normative parameter rather than just energy use. Zero carbon means so much as zero fossil energy. All building related energy is then generated from renewable resources; not necessarily generated on-site. In contrast to zero carbon, carbon-neutral buildings become net-zero producers where carbon emission is counter-balanced by some compensating measures; not necessarily on-site or even building related.

In such apprehensive condition, our firm is experiencing a serious issue being an environmental group is emphasizing non biodegradable materials of SafePack. There is an increased emphasis on sustainability of environment. The sustainability of environmental is completely associated with making better decision and performing corrective actions that are favorable in sustaining the nature of world, with particular emphasis on preserving the environment’s capability for the life of humans. Presently, it’s a significant topic, as it’s comprehended by businesses and individuals and has inclusive impact on the environment. The sustainability of environment is intimately associated with effective decision making with major objective

The development of society and economy has caused varieties of environmental problems in the past decades. Carbon dioxide (CO2), the most common greenhouse gases has caused a great impact on climate change, and to reduce the emission of CO2 becomes a worldwide agenda. (Christopher R.I, 2013) While, Buildings, taking up third of the total UK greenhouse gas emissions (CCC, 2014http://www.theccc.org.uk/charts-data/ukemissions-by-sector/buildings/), have a great potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and improve the sustainable development in the future. One of the non-neglect issue to reduce the energy use and CO2 emission of building is in the construction phases. The embodied carbon accounting 20-50% of the total

This chapter outlines the Keyword’s methodologies and focus in more detail and discusses the related concepts and forms of EA. This chapter explains the methodologies and the way that study going to find out the better answers for thesis’s questions. Due to rapid economic rise of China and followed by that of India and as one of the major fixed asset formation sectors and cornerstone industries in the national economic system of these 2 countries, the building sector is undergoing rapid development hence, this study is going to show the impacts of C&D on Environment.

While so, housing alone takes up major portion of total energy usage. According to United States’ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it accounted for 38.9 percent of total U.S. energy consumption in 2005. In year 2006 it took 72 percent of total U.S. electricity consumption and this number will rise to 75% by 2025. So it can be seen how change in managing housings can lead to positive changes (EPA).

Green supply refers to the way in which innovations in supply chain management and industrial purchasing may be considered in the context of the environment. Environmental supply chain management consists of the purchasing function’s involvement in activities that include reduction, recycling, reuse and the substitution of materials. The practice of monitoring and improving environmental performance in the supply chain, integrating environmental thinking into a supply chain Management- including product design, material resourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product to the consumer as well as end-of-life management of the product after its useful life.