How The Enzymes Affect A Substance?

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which means it decreases activation energy in reactions. The lower activation energy in a reaction, the faster the reaction rate. Many enzymes alter their shape when they bind to the activation site. This is called induced fit, meaning for the enzyme to work to its full potential it has to change shape to binding substrate. The location of enzyme’s activation site is on the surface of the enzyme, where the binding of substrates take place. Enzyme activity can be influenced by a variety of environmental factors. If the concentration of enzyme is low, and there is a great deal of substrate, then increasing enzyme concentration results in more molecules available to convert substrates to products. Thus, increasing enzyme concentration can increase reaction rate. If substrate concentrations are low, and many of the existing enzymes are idle because of a lack of substrate, then adding enzyme will have no effect on reaction rate. Enzyme concentration affects the enzyme activity, because the more enzyme concentration the faster the reaction rate, until it hits it’s limiting factor. When substrate concentration is increased, it also increases rate of reaction. Temperature plays an important

The temperature can have a major impact on an enzyme. According to Campbell Biology author Reece etc. 2011 “The enzyme reaction will increase as the temperature increase with the increasing temperature….substrates collide with active sites more frequently when the molecules move rapidly.”(Reece etc 2011) Every enzyme hits its optimal temperature the reaction will be at its highest point.(Reece etc. 2011) When the

pH - Enzymes also have an optimum pH level. The pH of a solution affects the enzyme's secondary and tertiary structures. These bonds make the shape of an enzyme's active site. So, if these bonds are broken, the shape of the active site changes and is distorted. If there is no active site, there is no reaction resulting in no products. If the enzyme is put in a pH that is very different from the optimum pH, it can cause the enzyme to denature.

Temperature controls the speed the enzymes work at. Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy which increases the chance of collision therefore speeding up the rate of

As the temperature increases, so will the rate of enzyme reaction. However, as the temperature exceeds the optimum the rate of reaction will decrease.

Question: How does changing enzyme concentration or temperature affect the reaction time of enzyme activity?

If different temperatures are used to catalyze enzyme activity, then the lowest temperature would produce the quickest reaction rate because enzymes can become denaturized at higher temperatures

Enzymes are specific-type proteins that act as a catalyst by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Each enzyme binds closely to the substrate; this greatly increases the reaction rate of the bounded substrate. Amylase enzyme, just like any other enzyme, has an optimum PH and temperature range in which it is most active, and in which the substrate binds most easily.

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

Enzymes are an important type of protein in which proposes to speed up chemical reactions of substrate molecules. They are specific, each enzyme can only bind one substrate and control one reaction, an example of the following is maltase which works on only one maltose, they can be used multiple times. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature, below the temperature the enzyme will work slowly or become inactive, on the other hand, above the temperature the enzyme is denatured. In addition, each enzyme has an optimum PH, above or below this PH, the enzyme will work slowly or become inactive. If the body does not contain enzymes, reactions would be slow and the body will stop functioning. The enzyme activity is altered by changes in substrate concentration,

temperature will help the reaction along, until the point at which the protein degrades and

Enzymes are protein catalysts, which are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They are macromolecules consisting of hundreds of amino acids conformed together. A small part of the enzyme, called the active site, participates in the catalysis of biochemical reactions. (Novozymes) Biological substrates are shaped to fit into the active site of their specific enzyme; enzymes will not bind to isomers of their substrate in most cases. The unique arrangements of amino acids that conform together to produce the three-dimensional structure determine the function of the enzyme. The slightest changes in the sequence of amino acids on the string impact the structure of the protein causing a change in function. Subsequently, this change could cause the enzyme to have affinity for a different substrate and treat it differently. (Novozymes) One of the most important functions of enzymes is their ability to decrease the activation energy, which is the amount of energy, generally in the form of heat, needed to commence a chemical reaction. This function is crucial to mammalian bodies due to the fact that proteins would denature, lose their three dimensional structure, in the high temperatures used to start chemical reactions. In addition to heat, environments with varying acidity outside of their optimum range, which is different for each protein, cause the proteins to

enzyme reaches a low temperature the reaction rate slows, as an enzymes temperature rises the

There are three factors that will alter an enzyme: temperature, pH and salt. All three will change the structure of the enzyme by denaturation and rendering it useless when a drastic change occurs from levels that are normal. A slight alteration can speed up reaction to certain saturation or slow the process of reaction.