How The Fruit Leaves Brown?

The book, American Wasteland: How American Throw Away Nearly Half of Its Food, written by Jonathan Bloom, deeply describes the situation of food waste in America. The author, Bloom, starts off the book by mentioning that each day America squanders enough food tone fill up the Rose Bowl, the football stadium in Pasadena, California (xi). Bloom even brings out a specific number to prove that how much food were wasted in the United States, which is 160 billion pounds annually (xii). From that description and figure, we can see that food waste problem is really serious today.

There is enough food waste in America to fill up 730 football stadiums. Yet, ironically there were almost 50 million people who live in households that are food-insecure in 2013. Thus, it is critically important to help reduce (or at the very least reevaluate) the amount of food that is wasted so it can be used to help those who can’t always afford it, or, help to reduce the impact of methane released by landfills, or, help to use less resources gone into making the produce.

Food waste is an environmental, economic, and ethical problem that can lead to less calorie intake and unnecessary damage of our assets. Individual behavior can redesign food waste at home and lead to bigger changes in the ecosystem. The problem is Americans throw out more food than glass, paper, and plastic. Also about 25% of food grown, processed, and transported in the US will never be consumed. When food is disposed in a landfill it rots and becomes a significant source of methane— a potent greenhouse gas with 21 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide.

Looking at the Impacts of Food Waste, In general by wasting food that’s mean we are wasting our money but in different way. . At the same time it is impacting us financially it’s also playing a huge role in the problems we see happening to our environment. The US Environment Protection Agency said, “Generating food waste has significant economic as well as environmental consequences. Whether you’re an individual, family, or business, chances are a considerable portion of your budget goes towards buying food — either for you, your family, or your customers. And since we now throw away more food than anything else, that means we are throwing away a lot of our money.” (“Basics,” par. 2) They went on to say that wasting food does more than impact our economy; it also impacts our environmental severely. We need to look at other countries and see what they’re doing with their food waste mistakes and do them same in our country the

“Globally, we throw out about 1.3 billion tons of food a year, or a third of all the food that we grow” (Sengupta). In the United States 33% is from agriculture, 11% from postharvest, 10% from processing, 8% from retail, and 39% from consumption. Consumers are the majority of our waste, but there's not a lot of ways to prevent this.

In the U.S., we are blessed with a sufficient amount of resources, especially food. Food is literally at everyone’s fingertips; people can order food efficiently off of their cellphones, and due to this abundance, it has caused many Americans to be very wasteful with their food. According to feedingamerica.org, “An estimated 25 – 40% of food grown, processed and transported in the US will never be consumed.” Not only that, but rotting food causes more greenhouses gases to be released in the air

From farm to table getting our food and produce to the consumer is a tricky task. Even with all the planning millions of food ends up wasted a year. Many steps are already taken to reduce the amount of food being wasted but are they enough? In America alone 200 to 250 pounds is wasted per person per year! According the world resources institute “32 percent of the world’s food was never consumed in 2009”.

This reaction is more commonly known as the browning of fruits when in contact with air. Catechol oxidase is found in certain vegetables and fruits. When a fruit or vegetable containing catechol oxidase is left cut open and unprotected from air, the oxidization of catechol occurs by removing two hydrogen atoms, which converts catechol into benzoquinone, and the transfer of these hydrogens atoms converts oxygen into water. The browning effect visible to the human eye is the result of benzoquinone molecules joining together to form melanoid pigments (Mitchell

America is wasting 37 million tons of food waste each year and that is way too much! There are 42 million people in America that are starving and homeless. If Americans came in simple ways of preserving food than America let alone the world would stop throwing away large amounts of food. Most people think that when a fruit or vegetable have blemishes, spots, or wrinkles or the food might not be fresh or look ugly, many of these foods are perfectly fine for the most part but you could just simply cut of the bad part of the food of any kind.

For an American household of four, the average price of discarded produce is near $1,600 annually and globally, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that one-third of all food grown is misplaced or wasted, an amount valued at nearly $3 trillion (Chandler). The main cause is that food, such as corn, wheat, milk, and soybeans is wasted more in the U.S. anywhere else in the world (Chandler). According to Chandler, “The great American squandering of produce appears to be a cultural dynamic as well, enabled in large part by a national obsession with the aesthetic quality of food. Fruits and vegetables, in addition to generally being healthful, have the tendency to bruise, brown, wilt, oxidize, ding, or discolor and that is apparently something American shoppers will not abide,”

Handfuls of differences come with caring for apple and orange trees, for both are unique species that have totally different needs when it comes to growing them. To start off all different kinds of trees grow better in different climates. The average apple tree is hardyer and can grow in the colder climate with less humidity. However, the orange tree needs a relatively warm temperature year round or it will die because the ground temperature is too cold for it to sustain life. Another issue related to climate is pests and diseases, which has an ability to hinder a tree's growth or even kill it. Since the orange trees live in such a warm environment most of the pest are out of the sun and the diseases are carried off in the breezes there is

In this lab it will be determined how different exposures of environments will affect the browning of an apple. In order for this experiment to proceed the knowledge of why an apple turns brown must be researched and understood. In this research it was determined that polyphenol oxidase is the enzyme that distorts the colouring of the apple through an oxidation reaction. (Mellidou, I., et. Al, 2014, p.1) the discolouration varies depending on the exposure in different conditions. the ideal condition for an apple is an environment that maintains a low temperature as well as high levels of carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen. (Mellidou, I., et. Al, 2014, p.1) the colour change of the apple after effected

Before experimenting, the young scientists researched “polyphenol oxidase” and “apples browning” on various science-based websites. After searching, and failing, several scientific websites, the young scientist finally came across the one they needed: ic.galegroup.com. An article on this website explained why apples turn brown. As stated in the introduction, when an apple is in a healthy state, a class of chemical compounds that includes a usually colorless crystalline and aromatic compound, called phenolics, and enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from substrates to oxygen molecules, called oxidases, are separated. But when a knife cuts through an apple, the phenolics come into contact with oxidases. Then, because oxygen is present, the

Food waste is one of the most critical issues of our time. Americans waste a tremendous amount of food, which ends up in municipal landfills. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), food waste is estimated at thirty to forty percent of the food supply. The causes of food waste are varied and occur at the stages of production, processing, retailing and consumption. Production losses are greatest for fresh fruits and vegetables. Throughout the production stage, food loss occurs when food in never harvested or when food is lost between harvest and sale. Selling ‘ugly’ fruits and vegetables in grocery stores can help reduce food waste and challenge cosmetic standards of produce in the food retail industry.

Another study that was performed examined different prickly pear juices to examine potential antioxidant effects. The juices picked were the most frequently consumed varieties: red-purple, white-green, and yellow-orange. Methods used determined in vitro effects which only give a rough estimate of in vivo effects, but it was determined that the compounds and how they interact give a better idea of how much of an antioxidant the fruit is overall. In this study the researchers treated mice with a chemical that caused oxidative stress, and given prickly pear juice in order to counteract the effects of the oxidative stress. Blood analysis was used in order to examine the amount of protection the prickly pear juice had given to the mice. The results determined that the red-purple colored juice was a better antioxidant than the white-green and yellow-orange varieties indicating that the antioxidant properties may be due to the polyphenols the juices contain since the red-purple variety is