How The Fruit Leaves Brown? Essay

The book, American Wasteland: How American Throw Away Nearly Half of Its Food, written by Jonathan Bloom, deeply describes the situation of food waste in America. The author, Bloom, starts off the book by mentioning that each day America squanders enough food tone fill up the Rose Bowl, the football stadium in Pasadena, California (xi). Bloom even brings out a specific number to prove that how much food were wasted in the United States, which is 160 billion pounds annually (xii). From that description and figure, we can see that food waste problem is really serious today.

The article “Waste Not” by Elizabeth Royte was published in March of 2016 in National Geographic Magazine. It depicts the wastefulness of the food industry and shows the path of food from field to consumers’ homes. During the article the story focuses on Tristram Stuart; a food utilizing activist and naturalist, who is gathering wasted food for a food conservation event for the public. Stuart visits many different farms and markets to receive food that is not desirable. Throughout the world nearly one third of food that is grown is thrown away or wasted due to consumer needs and wants. This means that because there is a need and want for good quality food products that not only meet food eatable standards but also

The USDA claims that each year, 25.9 million tons of America’s food is thrown away, the equivalent to a quarter of the total amount produced. Nationally, the wasted food is a damaging financial setback, amounting to $1 billion just to get rid of during a time of ascending food prices, nonetheless (Oliver, 2007). Food waste has skyrocketed since 1970 at an astonishing 50% increase rate, yet according to the FAO, one-sixth of America doesn’t get enough to eat.

One of the ways food is unnecessarily wasted is through the USDA’s grading of produce based on cosmetic value. Produce with cosmetic imperfections are valued at a lesser price and thus often farmers will not even make the effort to sell produce that has nothing wrong with it other than the fact that it is “ugly” (Glickman, 2015). Furthermore, businesses are required to throw out food that has passed its expiration date. However, expiration dates tend to be quite random and often have little truth to them (Glickman, 2015). They are simply to be used as estimates but end up adding to the amount of food waste. And all the food waste lands in landfills that cause the release of methane gas into the earth’s atmosphere. In fact, food waste which is categorized as organic waste is the primary source of methane gas (Baussan et. Al,

There is enough food waste in America to fill up 730 football stadiums. Yet, ironically there were almost 50 million people who live in households that are food-insecure in 2013. Thus, it is critically important to help reduce (or at the very least reevaluate) the amount of food that is wasted so it can be used to help those who can’t always afford it, or, help to reduce the impact of methane released by landfills, or, help to use less resources gone into making the produce.

Food waste is an environmental, economic, and ethical problem that can lead to less calorie intake and unnecessary damage of our assets. Individual behavior can redesign food waste at home and lead to bigger changes in the ecosystem. The problem is Americans throw out more food than glass, paper, and plastic. Also about 25% of food grown, processed, and transported in the US will never be consumed. When food is disposed in a landfill it rots and becomes a significant source of methane— a potent greenhouse gas with 21 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide.

The United States of America is arguably known as one of the most cultural and distinguished places around the world when dealing with food. There are so many contributions that give people this impression. People look at the United States as if it has the ideal method on how to deal with food, not knowing that the United States of America is quite wasteful. Although the United States of America has this awe-inspiring impression on people, you should not be fooled. America is a leading country for food waste, this is problematic because there are millions of people in this country that could use this food, and it is also harmful to the environment. In fact the United States of America ruins so much food it can fill up to seven hundred and thirty football stadiums. About as much as forty percent of food in America goes uneaten giving me the impression that America is wasteful when it comes to dealing with food.

“Globally, we throw out about 1.3 billion tons of food a year, or a third of all the food that we grow” (Sengupta). In the United States 33% is from agriculture, 11% from postharvest, 10% from processing, 8% from retail, and 39% from consumption. Consumers are the majority of our waste, but there's not a lot of ways to prevent this.

In the U.S., we are blessed with a sufficient amount of resources, especially food. Food is literally at everyone’s fingertips; people can order food efficiently off of their cellphones, and due to this abundance, it has caused many Americans to be very wasteful with their food. According to feedingamerica.org, “An estimated 25 – 40% of food grown, processed and transported in the US will never be consumed.” Not only that, but rotting food causes more greenhouses gases to be released in the air

Farmers have to consider the food quality checks. Farmers are aware of that if fruits or vegetables are not in a perfect shape supermarkets are not going to buy them, so farmers just throw away imperfect fruits and vegetables. Royte who is a nature writer, in her article “Eat Ugly!” she explained, “A lot of food sellers think no one will buy freaky-looking food. So they toss it before trying to sell it. Each year, 1.3 billion metric tons of food gets wasted in this way” (Royte). According to Richard Schiffman gave a solution for this problem in his article “What a Waste!” by giving the example of “Andronico's Community Markets in California” who sell imperfect looking fruits and vegetables to a very low price (Schiffman). This will help Famers and they don’t need to throw away the ugly looking products. The other reason food being wasted in fields by farmers is that they have to make sure that they have a steady supply of products for supermarkets (Matt and Peek). They purposed a solution for this problem, “With better food labeling—for example, using a spoils-on date rather than a sell-by date markets could keep their stock longer and ease demand on farmers” (Matt and Peek). The government should bring stricter policies to decrease food waste in fields and supermarkets can play an important role to reduce food waste

This reaction is more commonly known as the browning of fruits when in contact with air. Catechol oxidase is found in certain vegetables and fruits. When a fruit or vegetable containing catechol oxidase is left cut open and unprotected from air, the oxidization of catechol occurs by removing two hydrogen atoms, which converts catechol into benzoquinone, and the transfer of these hydrogens atoms converts oxygen into water. The browning effect visible to the human eye is the result of benzoquinone molecules joining together to form melanoid pigments (Mitchell

The United States alone wastes enormous amounts of food. According to Rethink Food Waste Through Economics and Data (ReFED), a “nonprofit think tank,” for the amount of food in the United States that is wasted or lost, the “total economic value” is “estimated at $218 billion” (“Food Waste”). Not just thousands, but billions of dollars worth of food wasted. Along with this, ReFED says “retailers, manufacturers, and government food agencies can save 400,000 tons of food and $1.8 billion annually by standardizing date labels on food products” (“Food Waste”). This shows how doing something as simple as changing food labels can save tons of food.

When exposed to open air for five days at various temperatures (20 and 40 degree Celsius) the bitterness remained. However, the bitterness was completely absent in fruits treated with an overpressure of oxygen. It was shown that the rate of debittering was dependent on the concentration of oxygen. As the concentration of oxygen was increased, the faster the oxidation occurred throughout the entire fruit. The rate was also faster in samples treated with pure oxygen rather than pressurized air as seen in Figure 3.

Food waste in the United States is happening as we speak. There are many different factors that contribute to food waste, but one factor that is not really mentioned is food waste in schools. A research lead by Cohen Jf an Assistant Professor, Merrimack College; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health found that schools across the nation waste an estimated $1.2 billion of food each year, which is enough to give every man, woman, and child in Canada $33.33. In addition, nearly 37% of fresh fruits, 33% of vegetables, 44% of grains, and 32% of milk are wasted in schools (Smith). Furthermore, a study found that while children placed more fruits and vegetables on their trays - as required by the USDA mandates put in place in 2012 - they consumed fewer of them. The amount of food wasted increased by 56 percent, the researchers found. So, because of this regulation, students have to grab unwanted items from the cafeteria even though they do not want them, which is one of the main reason why many of the food products end up in the trash.

In America, we are constantly surrounded by abundance. Food is a prevalent waste item in the United States. Most people do not think about the resources it took to produce, transport, and prepare the food they throw away. Our food waste is not actually just trash; it is the key to human survival. Ordinary consumers can change the future with one small action: to stop wasting food. Actions at the individual level can decrease food waste and feed those in need. Twenty five percent of purchased food is thrown away. (TED) Often this is because food has spoiled, but it can be for other reasons such as oversupply, misread labels, or individual consumer shopping and eating habits. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3347e/i3347e.pdf