How The Policy & Plans Underway-Government In Japan

Japan is a small island nation off the coast of Eastern Asia. Despite its size, Japan has proved to be formidable both economically and militarily. Since the expedition of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853 opened up the past feudalistic and reclusive Japan, this nation has expanded and adopted many imperialistic policies as well as taken a more aggressive military stance. Japan has changed in many ways, but has also continued upholding traditional practices throughout 1853 and 1941.

The Zaibatsu, which is a combination of the top grossing companies in Japan and have many connections in the government and court system that give them a substantial amount of power. Lastly, Japan’s resources are very limited because only 12% of its land is fertile, and they must import 80% of its energy to them. Socially, Japan’s ageing population is another reason why the economy has become stagnate. The ageing population will eventually cause labor shortages that Japan cannot replace.

The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan adopted in 1947. It is an unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its head of state. His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to Government. Instead, it is the Cabinet, composing of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister, that directs and controls the Government. The Cabinet is the source of power of the Executive branch, and is formed by the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. It is an unitary state, containing forty- seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its head of state. Japan was ruled by successive military shoguns. During this period, effective power of the government resided in the Shogun, who officially ruled the country in the name of the Emperor. The Shoguns were the hereditary military Governors.

The United States of America is one of the world leading economic powers in the world. The question is, how does the Unites States compare to other nation powers.Australia ,Cananda , China and Britain are just a few of the nation powers that can compare to the United states. This report will focus more one of the main rivials to the United States and that is Japan. Here is just a sample of Japans Numbers for 2004 compared to the United States. Unite States GDP growth is 4.30% ,unemployment is 5.60% and Inflation Rate is 1.90%. In Japan the GDP growth is 4.50% , unemployment is 4.60% and Inflation Rate is -.04%. . I think this is an important perspective because we really do live in a global

Japan’s unemployment rate of about 4% opposed to the U.S. unemployment rate of close to 10%. Even the financial debt to GDP ration is an advantage, and debt in the private sector has not increased unlike the U.S. and European countries, (Time, 2009). In addition, since Japan is a huge exporter and with the U.S. demand going downward, the international balances and growth declined especially as the dollar value dropped and the yen surged. •

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Japanese government was undergoing a new paradigm shift which modeled itself after the governmental laws and principles of the Constitution of the United States. The new law of the land was originally formatted and instated under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), General Douglass MacArthur, and his orders to his Government section to model the nation’s new constitution in a manner that was agreeable to the United States. Unfortunately for some of the Japanese population, the constitutional provisions under US authority curtailed its sense of independence, and they wished for a more “Japanese” constitution. In an effort to reformat the constitution in a manner that catered to the needs of the Japanese people, Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama pushed for the creation of the Constitution Research Council, an organization whose purpose was to decide whether it was appropriate to revise the recently passed constitution. However, there was much clamor and controversy on what would be permitted to change between Japanese political organizations who longed for

Prince Shotoku was an important person during the major development of medieval Japan. He was very interested in Chinese and Korean arts, literature, music and various other intellectual achievements. Prince Shotoku also embraced new Chinese ideas of government. He made a collection of ranks for government administrators and bureaucrats, by taking Confucian ideas. In 604, he announced a new series of principles which were called the Seventeen Article Constitution. In this he declared that the emperor was the nation’s foremost leader. By the 700’s, Japan’s government was very similar to China’s, with a powerful, concentrated and reinforced by a substantial bureaucracy. Prince Shotoku attempted to make a government with officials chosen for their

From the first question was an indication that you would be discussing the development of Japan’s economy post WWII. In global business, it is important to understand a countries history, especially a country with two thousands of years of recorded history. According to Jung & Tseng, (2013) the industrial hardware facilities and equipment left behind by the Japanese withdrawal from Taiwan after the World War II (WWII) provided Taiwan with a basis for industrial

While the United States touts free market policies as main guiding principles, U.S. policy makers have actively used research and development (R&D) industrial policies to maintain and grow the U.S. economy. There are two types of R&D, also known as research and experimentation (R&E), funding models; one is direct federal research dollars given to industry, typically for basic research, and the other in the use of tax credits for R&D activities. Tax credit policies began in 1981 as part of the Economic Recovery Tax Act (Talley, 2011). The U.S. has long funded R&D, however this funding has steadily decreased with the total in 1976 of just over 1.2% of GDP with dropping below .8% of GDP in 2014 (AAAS, 2014a). As of 2013, South Korea, Finland, Japan, Taiwan, and Germany all outspend the U.S. on direct R&D funding relative to GDP (AAAS, 2014b). The IMF and OECD indicate that R&D tax credits are a main growth strategy for the G-20 nations (IMF, 2014). This research topics explores how the United States domestic industrial policies supporting research and development influence business and entrepreneurial behaviors within the U.S., which industries has this benefited the most, overall societal impacts of advancements in technology and automation, and finally how this supports comparative advantage for the United States as well as implications for developing nations.

During the Meiji regime, which was the Government of Japan decided to modernize foreign relations, which was an important stride in making Japan a complete member of the international community. The traditional view of the Far East was not based on an international society but rather on cultural differences. It preferred artists, scholars, and Monks rather than professional diplomats, had been the conveyors of foreign agenda. During this time it, was difficult to differentiate Japans Foreign relations to its sovereign’s desires.

The Japanese economy, the 2nd largest in the world, accounts for 7.1% Global World GDP, at US$4.6 triliion and a per capita income of approximately US$33,550 (World Bank 2006). As a result of globalisation, literacy levels are at 99% and the general living standards of the

Chapter 8: International Strategy ---- P&G Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project (written by Christopher A. Bartlett)

Japan ranks as the third largest economy in the world as of 2010. The GDP at current prices in US dollars in Japan was reported at 5068.06 billion in 2009, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Japan’s resurgence after World War II has however reached an inflection point in yearly 1989 after the burst of Japan’s asset price and real estate bubbles. As can be seen from the graph below, Japan’s GDP has hovered around the same level through more than 20 years of economic stagnation. The GDP’s slow growth has been exacerbated by the world financial crisis of 2008. A major landmark of Japan’s stagnation has been the BOJ’s fight against deflation.

During this period, particularly after the Tokyo Olympics Games, the emphasis changed to projecting an image of a "Pacific Japan" to an economically advanced Japan. In light of Japan's economic development, the Japan government's efforts in promotion focused especially on the study of the Japanese economy. About the initiatives in this field, it was the establishment of the Tanaka Fund to support 10 major universities in the United States on the promotion of their Japanese studies.

Suggestions have been made as to how to offset the decrease in population—increasing the immigrant population as well as incentives attempt to increase the birth rate. According to the living and human development index, Japan has very high standard of living in addition to the highest life expectancy and the infant mortality rate is 3rd lowest.