How Tinnitus Is The Conscious Perception Of A Phantom Sound

Hearing loss continues to linger in the elderly population of today’s society. Yet, the onset of hearing loss can occur at any age and at any point in

Auditory Processing Disorders, also known as Central Processing Disorders, are difficulties in the processing of auditory information in the central nervous system. The definition for an Auditory Processing Disorder is frequently changing and evolving. According to ASHA standards in 2005, a “central processing disorder refers to difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory information in the central nervous system and the neurobiological activity that underlies the processing and gives rise to the electrophysiological auditory potentials (ASHA 2005).” Recent evidence has declared auditory processing disorders to be a legitimate clinical disorder resulting from confirmation of the link between well-defined lesions of the central nervous system and deficits on behavioral and electrophysiological central auditory measures (Musiek, F. Journal of American Academy of Audiology). An individual is likely to perform normally in tests including clicks and tones, rather than speech. There is a significant difference between the receptors for audition and speech processing. It is imperative that these disorders are diagnosed and treated early in a child’s development to eliminate developmental negative consequences.

Tinnitus ‘is a term that describes any sound a person can hear from inside their body rather than from an outside source’ (nhs, 2013). People usually hear sounds such as ringing, buzzing, humming or machine type noises. ‘Sometimes the noise pulsates at the same rate as your pulse’ (knott, 2012). The noises may vary in pitch and intensity and can come from either ear or both. The noise is more noticeable in a quiet place and people may find they are becoming more sensitive to normal everyday sounds.

There are many causes of this problem. One is that the noise can hurt your ears and distract you. Which leads to pain and loss of concentration.

Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in the United States, affecting nearly 35 million, or 1 in 9, Americans. Hearing aids is a necessity in the life of someone who is hard-of-hearing, if they choose to use them. Furthermore of the 35 million living with hearing loss only 25% of them actually use a hearing aid, this means that around 26 million are living with untreated hearing loss (Audicus, 2014). Most of the reasoning behind

Noise is one of the most widespread causes of hearing loss, and the most likely causes of occupational illnesses in the United States (Leigh 728). Acute or prolonged exposure to high-level, impulsive noise is an ongoing problem for the military and defense forces all over the world (Sliwinska-Kowalska and Adrian Davis 274). One shot from a big caliber firearm, perceived at a close range, may permanently or temporarily damage an individual hearing in an instant. Additionally, repeated exposures to noisy machinery may, over an extensive period of time, impose serious risks to human hearing. According to the report released by National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); ten million Americans have already suffered permanent hearing damage from noise and thirty to fifty million individuals are exposed to hazardous noise levels every day (Leigh 728). Many hearing illness in the police service originate from the noise caused by gunshots. As a result of increased cased of hearing problem, mainly in the police service, many scholars have engaged in research in order to get appropriate mean to control these problem. Considering the increasing investigation from military groups for vital information on how to protect from impulse noise, it is vital to explore health effects associated with impulse noise from gunshots. This study explores the effects on hearing caused by

Hearing serves a crucial benefit for understanding the world around us. During the 1940’s, Dr. Ramsdell realized that hearing serves four crucial function; symbolically we are informed or entertained, aesthetically hearing is naturally pleasing, warningly we are alerted or prepared, primitively we are aware of our surroundings [1]. The ear is typically divided into three sections, used to simplify the hearing process. The first section, or the outer ear, is composed of the auricle (skin covered cartilage), the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane (the outer layer of the eardrum). The middle ear section contains the eardrum, tympanic cavity, and the ossicles. These ossicles are three small bones often referred to as malleus (hammer),

Mary Jackson, 27 years old female, was evaluated at the University of Florida Speech and Hearing Clinic on October 10, 2017 because of her complaints of hearing difficulties, vertigo, and tinnitus. She reported the following: often asking people to repeat themselves, dizziness, balance complications, high-pitched tonal ringing in the right ear, and an increased difficulty in understanding conversational speech, especially in the presence of background noise, since becoming pregnant. Mrs. Jackson had a family history of hearing loss from her maternal side due to otosclerosis. She reported a hearing screening had been done approximately 10 years ago while in high school and results indicated normal hearing. The patient experienced drastic changes in her daily routine: discomfort, embarrassment, and social isolation. Her listening needs include communication with her newborn and family members, co-workers, and social networking.

Tinnitus and chronic pain have many similarities including being sensory-perceptual disorders that can have a significant impact on the individual’s behavior (i.e. a negative affect) and their well-being. Research has shown that there is a higher cognitive involvement in the central nervous system responsible for both. Rauschecker, et al. (2015) reported that perhaps the ‘gatekeeping’ system responsible for both including the nucleus accumbens and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (which extends into the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal areas). This system evaluates both the affectiveness and relevance of the sensory

Bilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus, Diagnostic Code 388.30, H93.A3 – “There are risks of stroke due to occlusion of blood vessels supplying normal brain.” [13]

Quinine, used to treat malaria, can produce deafness and tinnitus. The effect is usually reversible if it is discontinued.

As an undergraduate, I performed research on deafness, investigating hearing regeneration and unique auditory phenotypes. Based on my work, I was selected to be a Post-Baccalaureate Fellow at the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders within the National Institutes of Health. This is a two-year program (07/14-07/16). I lead three projects focused on novel clinical therapies to prevent hearing loss from ototoxic drugs—drugs that cause hearing loss in hundreds of thousands of patients. There exists the need for therapies that protect the inner ear from ototoxic drugs without altering their therapeutic effects, and the focus of my research has been to help develop novel therapies.

tonotopic reorganization in the absence of stimulation need to be addressed in future studies. It is a Herculean task to reconcile these different theories of tinnitus producing mechanisms.

To begin with, let me explain what tinnitus is. Tinnitus is when a person can hear a constant sound inside their head without any outside influences. To understand what this condition feels like, there is a need to get into the mind of someone who lives with tinnitus. Picture a person sitting in a room when suddenly they hear a loud noise coming from somewhere. They start to search for the sound, and ask themselves if it’s the refrigerator or the A.C. unit or the old television. It must be coming from somewhere, but where? After checking multiple devices throughout the house, they give up and sit back down, but the sound it still there. Guess what! That was the last time it will be silent for the rest of their life.

only by the patient. Because the inner ear has no pain fibers, damage is not