How Tissue Forms a Wound

7. A 19-year-old model tripped over an extension cord, causing injury to her epidermis. She is afraid the injury will leave a scar. Based on your knowledge of regeneration, what would you say to this patient? Why? Please incorporate all the steps in tissue regeneration in your answer. Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why?

Stechmiller, J. K. (2010). Understanding the Role of Nutrition and Wound Healing. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25(1), 61-68. doi:10.1177/0884533609358997

Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft?

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

the two pathways and it requires that all factors are present within the blood for clotting

In normal wound healing procedure, fibroblasts (the cells present in connective tissue) synthesize the protein collagen, which gives structural support to the wound and plays a major role in every stage of wound healing. However, when fibroblasts produce far more collagen than generally required, Keloids formation takes place.

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Proliferative phase occurs within a few days of injury in which cells that were involved in the battle need to tend to their wounds and the regenerate to restore itself to its formal glory as best as possible. The body’s way of restoring itself is through use of angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, wound contraction and epithelialization. This combination acts of getting new blood vessels to the damage area, aid in the formation of cells to fill in the area which leads to scar tissue, allow the skin to flexible in the repair process and finally resurface the wound with new epithelial

DOI: 1/14/2016. Patient is a 47 year old male senior information technology field services who sustained injury when his vehicle went off road. He had a transmetatarsal amputation of left foot with failed flap, status post further surgical excision debridement twice a week removing necrotic tissue.

Fluid building up in the tissues caused by an inflammation response, triggered by the repeated stresses on the tissues, can lead to maceration of the deeper tissues, resulting in wounds and ulcers. Especially in patients with limited healing due to circulation conditions and diabetes, or those suffering peripheral neuropathy (Fig 3)

In light of how incredible our body is to be able to regenerate quickly for most, that is not what happens for others. Many diseases or large body wounds can take years to make it through one stage. Some may not ever heal. Wounds such as diabetic, venous stasis, ischemic, or pressure ulcers have a lack of blood flow making it almost impossible for them to heal naturally (Cutroneo, 2008). Large area burn victims also fall into this category. Their body is trying to compensate for fluid loss and maintain homeostasis, but wound healing ends up being very difficult to do on their own (Jacobsen, 2005). Many attempts are used to heal these including gene therapy, hydrotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and topical antibiotics to just name a few. There are many courses of therapy to heal these wounds, and some work better than others depending on the wound and person.

For example, the signs and symptoms of wound infection could be confused with the inflammatory phase, while parts of the wound may be in the destructive phase, with other parts in the proliferative phase. Nevertheless, to recognise that the complex physiological process can be divided into distinct phases from the initial emergency response to injury through a process of repair and regeneration to complete healing helps the nurse in the clinical decision-making process.

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

TGF-beta: promotes wound healing at the end of a response; comes from most immune cells or

When injury occurs, the body goes through different phases in order to complete its recovery, each phase has a specific job with the intention of preparing the body for the next phase of recovery. The phases that the body goes through are; the bleeding phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodelling phase, each of these phases happen at a specific time within the recovery after the injury. The phase that this essay is going to look at is the inflammatory phase and what role the inflammation has in tissue healing whilst briefly discussing what impacts it will have in a clinical setting.