How Valvular Disease Is Responsible For More Than 22 000 Deaths

Systolic heart failure is characterized by enlarged ventricles that are unable to fully contract to pump enough blood into circulation to adequately perfuse tissues. The enlargement in ventricles is due to an increased end-systolic volume. If the heart is not able to sufficiently pump the expected volume of blood with each contraction, which in a normal healthy heart is 50-60%, there will be a residual volume left in the heart after every pump (Heart Healthy Women, 2012). With the next period of filling, the heart will receive the same amount of blood volume from the atria combined with that residual volume from the previous contraction. This causes the ventricles to have to dilate to accommodate this increase in volume. The dilation causes the walls of the ventricles to stretch and become thin and weak. Also the myocardium, the muscle layer of the heart, will stretch and not be able to adequately make a full and forceful enough contraction to push blood from the ventricles (Lehne, 2010).

Aortic stenosis results due to narrowing of aortic valve or adjacent part of aorta. This leads to a development of pressure gradient between left ventricle and aorta increasing the left ventricular pressure and hypertrophy. It is very rare in children.

The flow of blood through the heart is controlled by four valves. If any are not working correctly, blood cannot flow or be pumped effectively to the heart. The four valves are: the tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, mitral, and aortic semilunar. There are many abnormalities or defects that can affect their operation and in this paper, I will discuss the most common one which is a “mitral valve prolapse.” A valvular prolapse is an abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that causes the valve to not close completely. It is also known as “click murmur syndrome” and “Barlow’s syndrome” and is more prevalent in women than men. It has a strong hereditary

Currently, Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States (Haskell et al., 2014). In the 2016 Update of the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report from the American Heart Association, women, in general, have a 32% prevalence rate for LDL issues vs. 31% for men. Likewise, in older women vs older men, the prevalence for hypertension rates for women were 57% vs. 54% in men (Mozaffarian et al., 2016). Within the VA, there is an even bigger gap for management of LDL’s and heart disease. 79.47% of women vs. 88.89% of men have LDL levels within the normal limits. Similarly, 79.34% of women vs. 85.67% of men with diabetes had an LDL within normal limits (Whitehead et al., 2014). Both high LDL and hypertension are proven risk factors for heart disease and stroke. When paired with diabetes, risk of peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and irregular heartbeat can also be factors (Mozaffarian et al., 2016).

Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea,

According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death globally claiming 17 million lives a year, more deaths than all cancer combined (Chiu and Radisic, 2013). Cardiovascular disease is responsible for a preponderance of health problems and its impact is expected to grow further as the population ages. In the UK, NHS spends about £7.74 billion as the expenditure to deal with cardiovascular diseases (Barton et al., 2011). Cardiovascular disease in the form of myocardial infarction has become the principle cause of death in developed countries, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths (http://www.bhf.org.uk/). Congenital heart defects, which occur in nearly 14 of every 1000 new-born children, is another tragic fact that baffles medical industry (http://www.heart.org/). About 61 million Americans (almost one-fourth of the population) live with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, congenital cardiovascular defects, and congestive heart failure.

Pulmonary stenosis involves narrowing of the pulmonary valve. In a healthy heart, oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle flows through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery. Then the blood travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen. In pulmonary stenosis, the pulmonary valve cannot fully open. Thus, the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the valve. As a result, not enough blood reaches the lungs.

The article is reliable because Clever interviewed a St. Louis doctor, Dr. Ted E. Garrett, who is a cardiothoracic surgeon and knowledgeable on the topic of heart disease. Women and heart disease is a current topic because heart disease is the number one killer among women and it has been taken more seriously when women come into the hospital with symptoms than in the past. Many facts and statistics are used in the document, which appears to be accurate since this is a reliable source and information given from a cardiothoracic surgeon. The news article is researched based written by a news reporter who interviewed a well qualified doctor. The overall goal of the newspaper article is to inform those who think heart disease is a man’s disease and also teach the public more about heart

Cardiovascular disease is a substantial concern and has emerged as one of the leading health issues. In examining cardiovascular disease, its incidence is astounding. Each year approximately one million men and women die, averaging one death every thirty three seconds (Heart, 2013).The death rate for cardiovascular issues such as myocardial infarction and CHF claim more lives than cancer and Aids combined. Heart disease will be the number one cause of death by the

Tricuspid regurgitation is a disorder in which the heart’s tricuspid valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the atrium when the right ventricle contracts. The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is enlargement of the right ventricle [1], caused by left-sided valvular lesions. Mitral valve disease is often accompanied by concomitant tricuspid valve disease. The most common indication for tricuspid valve intervention is tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and the presence of significant TR has been reported to be an important prognostic indicator of outcomes following mitral valve surgery [2]. Surgical treatment of tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) with left-sided valvular disease still remains a challenge for

Greeting: Hello Everyone, My name is Shelly Kutschenko and I’m here to talk about Heart disease in women

The topic I will explore is heart disease in women. The question, what do healthcare providers need to know about cardiovascular disease in women and how their symptoms and presentation differ from men will be discussed. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men in the Western world. Nearly 1 million cardiovascular related deaths a year are women. Many women’s risk factors go unrecognized and untreated by their primary care physician (Pregler et al., 2009). According to FamilyDoctor.org, “American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease that of breast cancer” (2009). In generally men have an earlier onset of heart disease than to women but have a higher survival rate from heart

The Framingham Heart Study was the first longitudinal cohort study to try to elucidate the etiology and determinants of CVDs, and it’s currently the longest running medical study in the world, celebrating it’s 68 years in 2016. It is in it’s third generation now (grandchildren of the original cohort), and although it’s population is mainly of white European descent, the results were fundamental in understanding the risk factors of CVDs. We recognize the need to know if the results of this study, and its risk estimation module, could be applied to the Lebanese population, since no major comparison study was done before in our country.

Valvular heart symptoms- when the heart valves are damaged by different conditions that might as a result of narrowing (Stenosis), leaking (regurgitation or insufficiency) or improper closing (prolapse). Symptoms will be varies depending on the heart values that got damaged, one might be feeling fatigue, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, and fainting (syncope).

As the population ages heart failure is expected to increase exceptionally. About twenty-two percent of men and forty-four percent of women will develop heart failure within six years of having a heart attack. “Thirty years ago patients would have died from their heart attacks!” (Couzens)