How Would You Describe The Anda Relationship

The magnitude of the Mongol empire from the beginning to its greatest heights is an amazing story. Weatherford states “he smashed the feudal system of aristocratic privilege and birth, he built a new unique system based on individual merit, loyalty, and achievement” (xix). All of these newly presented ideas assist Khan in his conquest of unity and progression. In the battle against the Bukhara, he had many of the local people either assist him in his mission or be punished brutally. This old, but newly used concept of divide and conquer worked in Khan’s favor. It not only caused the surrender of the Bukhara, but when word spread it assisted in the surrender of the capital of Samarka (9). He realized the power of psychological warfare and used it to his advantage. In a campaign against Jamuka, the displaying of the Spirit Banner was used to make it difficult for the opposing side viewing these Banners to fight if the kinsmen had used ancestors’ Spirit Banner. This was used as “tantamount” to attacking

The next topic in a few of the documents(4,8, and 9) directly relate to the previous paragraph. The warfare techniques used by the Mongolians and devised by the Khans and the commanders. In doc.4 Juvaini, a former historian for the Mongols and later governor of Baghdad, wrote about how the army was arranged. It is arranged in such a manner that there are groups of ten with one of them being commander of the other nine. Ten groups of ten equal a larger squad with one of the hundred being the leader. Then 1,000 and the last rank 10,000 is called a tümen. Documents 8 and 9 are simply a letter from the Pope Innocent IV to Genghis Khan and a reply. The Pope basically saying that he has invaded many countries and does not spare anyone. His reply is to use Eternal Heaven as his excuse for killing. These two documents show that Genghis Khan was infamous and believed in a God, making him religious. He is like the Islamic people that fight for Allah. Pope Innocent IV believes that Genghis Khan is being irrational with all his killings and rages because he does not spare anyone. He is a reliable source due to his being a Pope and how influential a Pope is.

Pax Mongolica, the Mongol peace being one of their great contributions to the society of the time (McDougal Littel). This peace is the very thing that allowed for most, if not, all of the rest of their contributions. For instance, as the historian Paul Ratchnevsky stated, “War, strife, and bodily harm or murder do not exist, robbers and thieves on a grand scale are not to be found among them [Mongols]” (Doc 7). It is a great accomplishment for any empire, but for an empire that started of drenched in the blood of the natives to have no murder or harm, it is almost beyond imagination. Furthermore, this is an empire that stretched millions of miles, and there was barely any theft. That is probably something that no nation today could claim. Another important thing that the Mongols achieved was quite poetically stated by William of Rubruck when he said, “But just as God gave different fingers to the hand so has He given different ways to men” (Doc 9). The meaning of this somewhat confusing quote is that God has given different religions to men, just as He has given different fingers to a hand, and they should all be respected. Religious tolerance was almost unheard of at this time,

The philosopher also spoke of Genghis Khan’s building of colleges and buildings to support the collaboration of ideas and thought this would improve the rate of advancements. The ability for the mongol to effectively build infrastructure and gather philosophers proves the civility of their empire.

During the 13th and 14th century, a nomadic group known as the Mongols succeeded in vanquishing land from Vietnam to Syria and Korea to Poland. The rise of Genghis Khan brought on the conquest of Northern China and Ancient Persia. His son, Ogedei, superseded Genghis after his death. Ogedei was able to gain power of Russia and Eastern Europe after ten years of fighting. After the death of Ogedei in 1242, Genghis’ grandson, Mongke reigned. The large military conquered the Middle East, expanding the Mongol empire yet again. It comes as a surprise that the Mongol’s maintained such a large empire for around 162 years. The Mongol’s were able to gain and perpetuate power owing to their reputation of terrorization, commerce and ruthless military strategy.

at 3,036,885 square miles) Genghis Khan conquered (Document A), after conquering a land mass, they seemed to have been civil to people they lived alongside. In Russia and the Golden Horde, by Charles J. Halperin states, “Their [the Mongols] economic interests coincided with those of the native peoples, and the Mongols, after the destruction of the initial conquest, promoted diversified economic development,” (Document J). Not only did the promote the development of the economy, but they also got rid of, “Adultery and theft. War, strife, bodily harm or murder do not exist, robbers and thieves on a grand scale are not to be found among them . . . because of the severity of (Mongol) laws against theft,” (Document K). Though these conquered land masses were now under Mongol rule, they seemed to have been treated with the same decency and respect the Mongol citizens/ visitors were. Marco Polo, an ambassador of Kublai Khan— the man who in 1271 put a, “New legal system in place; reduces capital crimes by half,” (Document H), wrote an article on the messenger system in the Mongol empire. Polo states, “The whole organization is so stupendous and so costly that it baffles speech and writing,” (Document L). Marco Polo applauded the Mongols in their organizational skills and their way of doing things. In religion aspects, they were civilized there as well; William of Rubruck stated, “We Mongols believe that there is but one God, by who we live and by who we die and towards him we have an upright heart,” (Document M). In their social lives, they had, “Two codes of conduct that guided Mongol life. One of these was the yasa, usually referred to as Mongol law. The second was the bilik, which was a set of rules to live by,” (Document N). These rules set in place were to keep the people in line, and keep their empire organized and entitled to the highly respected

In their role of empirical dominance throughout 13th century Eurasia, the Mongol’s were nomadic tribes of herders and raiders north of China, under the leadership of Genghis Khan. Born under the name Temujin, Genghis traits of charisma and reputation as a tactician won over his people’s support. Thus through the act of uniting groups of the steppe (region), he was crowned Khan of Khan in 1206. As quoted from Hugh Kennedy’s book Mongols, Huns and Viking's nomads at war” “the Mongols were triumphant in every major engagement fought up to ‘Ayan Jalut in 1260’ “. A crucial factor unique to this success was the nature of Mongol soldiers in which their life-styles demanded skills such as archery and horseback riding, which was also essential in

3. In David Morgan’s piece, “Who Ran the Mongol Empire?”, Morgan utilizes and plethora of contemporary and primary sources, as well as employs rhetorical analysis in order to persuade the reader that even though the Mongols incorporated foreign aspects into their empire, that they still remained dominate to their subjects. The author relies on the primary works of Rashid Al-Din, Marco Polo, and alludes to The Secret History of Mongols, as well as the contemporary works of Dr. Igor de Rachewiltz and Dr. Paul Buell in order to advance his rhetorical argument. 4.

Carpini gives insight into the brutality of the Mongols while viewing it in a semi-positive light. The way he speaks of the Mongols is almost admirable, especially when their strategy on the battlefield is brought up. Technical military tactics are part of what made the Mongols such an important part of history to the extent where even today we use Mongol tactics in war. Word of mouth and psychological warfare was their ally and they used it to scare groups of people into submission, as they did when they conquered Persia. Document 5 is devoted to the accounts of Juvaini, the court historian of the Mongol khan of Persia. His words clearly illustrate this dark, psychological side of the Mongols, “I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not of sent a punishment like me upon you.” The Mongols were seen by the civilizations they descended upon as punishment for

Where the mongols lived in China and Persia, they kept the economic interests and adapted to them. Mongol emperors made canals for more transportation and communications, also helping China’s agriculture continue. Persian silk industries grew and started trade with China and in Persia, Armenia-Georgia, Central Asia, and China had benefited from text free zones. With this information, this proves that the Mongols weren’t as barbaric as people thought, they helped countries prosper and let the people live well. (document

Third, the Mongols had a very organized military structure which also provided a good social structure, since the Mongol’s lifestyles revolved around their warriors. The Mongol warriors held a ruthless mindset which aided in their rapid expansion. Chingis Khan’s subordinate Jebe killed the retreating soldiers of Cathay, and Jurchin and Khara Khitan fighters “slaughtering them…so that their bodies lay piled up like rotten logs” (Doc 1). Chinggis Khan completely wiped out the entire tribe of Tangqut people who rebelled against him (Doc 7). The Mongols did not discriminate based on religion, nor did they spare any based on sex or age (Doc 8).

When Ghengis became Khan, he decreed that any spoils that he and his men gained through military conquest would be evenly divided amongst them. Normally when a ruler captures people or made any sort of conquest, the troops would bring all spoils to their lord to increase their lord’s wealth. Unlike these rulers the Khan shares the newfound spoils with his soldiers. Sharing the riches demonstrates how appreciative the Khan of his troops. This gesture helps to signify that the Khan’s conquest would not have been successful without them; thus, makes the warriors more loyal to their Khan.

Temüjin, better known as Chinggis Khan, was a Mongolian born in 1160’s, who later became the leader of the one of the most successful armies in the history of a mankind. Mongols under his leadership Mongols first conquered China relatively easily and then moved towards west, partly simultaneously. This essay examines the reasons for his success in conquering Iran and especially the reasons why the Muslims of Iran were not able to resist his army’s invasion. First this essay discusses Chinggis Khan’s army’s strength and superiority in general level, then shifting focus to the particular case of Iran. It becomes evident that Chinggis Khan was an extraordinary military leader and that besides that the army was extremely successful due to its

Genghis Khan, our leader who forged an empire stretching from the east coast of China to the west of the Aral Sea, died in camp during a campaign against the Chinese kingdom of the Xia. The great Khan, who was over 60 years old and in declining health, succumbed to injuries he suffered during a fall from his beloved horse a year before. He died peacefully in 1227 August the 18th. The whole Mongolia mourned the majestic king for weeks. Never before has the nation mourned someone for so long, he was truly an honourable khan, a leader that shall forever be immortal.

The following report will discuss the leadership qualities of Borjigin Temüjin and the organizational culture of his people, the Mongols. Readers might be confused on who Borjigin Temüjin is, he was the man known today as Genghis Khan. This paper will illustrate how Temüjin’s ability to lead developed by exploring his beginnings and how through his exceptional leadership skills he went on to create the largest contiguous empire in history. The first part of the paper will concentrate on Mongol culture in the 12th century, Temüjin’s upbringing in that culture and how he changed it through the consolidation of the many Mongol tribes. The second part will discuss the rise of Borjigin Temüjin to the post of Genghis Khan and