Howard Spodek's Chapter 17 Notes Essay

Industrialization took place earlier in the western countries than the other parts of the world. Through the introduction of machines that made work easier in the industries, employment was no longer a man’s thing and women found an opportunity to work (Carlin 318). The revolution created a shortage in labor and textile factories absorbed young single ladies from the rural areas. The

Did you know that women in the United States did not have the right to vote until the year 1920? Exactly 144 years after the United States was granted freedom from Great Britain. The women’s suffrage movement, however, did not actually start until 1848, and lasted up until they were granted the right to vote in 1920. Women all over the country were fighting for their right to vote in hopes of bettering their lives. The women’s suffrage movement was a long fought process by many people all over the world, over all different races, religions, even gender. (Cooney 1)

The industrial revolution in both the United States and England relied heavily on roles in the household and society. Men, woman, children and minorities all had a set place in society before the industrial revolution. During the revolution and sense of enlightenment changed the roles of these individuals. In the middle of the 1800’s there was change in the role of men, the workplace was no longer a farm or working in the town, rather men were expected to be entrepreneurs. Men, unlike woman, were seen as aggressive and built to work in a savage work place were they could bring home the bread for the family. In England several factory jobs were quite laborious, as well as in the US, however many emigrants that came to the United States had a different sense of what labor as a man meant. Labor was no longer

From around 1750 to 1900 Britain went through major changes or transformation in industry, agriculture and transportation that affected everybody’s lives. For some it generally improved their lives, however not all were so lucky. The industrial revolution brought with it many changes good for some and bad for others.

In most modern governments, such as the United States of America, give the right to vote to almost every responsible adult citizen. There were limiters on the right to vote when the US Constitution was written, and the individual states were allowed to setup their own rules governing who was allowed to vote. Women were denied the right to vote until the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution which was passed in 1920. In order to understand how women struggled to obtain the right to vote, some key factors must be looked at in further detail; why suffrage rights were not defined in the Constitution, the efforts that women put forth to obtain the right to vote, why there are present-day restrictions on

Industries could use these natural resources. For example, machines could be built out of iron, powered by coal, and would use the wool to spin thread. England also had favorable natural conditions that led to England’s success, according to George Warner. Canals provided outlets to the sea so that goods could be transported quicker. Industrialization was aided by seaports and proximity to harbors or rivers.

The resistance of giving women the right to vote began to cease when the territorial legislature of Wyoming granted women the vote in 1869; it was the first permanent suffrage law in U.S. history. By the 1890’s many states had granted suffrage. By 1913 there were 12 states and the National Woman’s Party, under leadership of Alice Paul, decided to harness the voting power of women in those states to push a suffrage resolution through congress. The country’s involvement in WWI needed the help of women; which then provided the suffragists their power. When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, a woman’s suffrage amendment was submitted into the House of Representatives. By 1919, it was passed by both houses of

The chapter describes many new implementations of practices in mills, factories, and other workplaces. For example, near the beginning of the chapter, Eli Terry’s clock designs are thoroughly described. Terry is a prime example of how the American industry began to seriously produce technologies without the intricate and expensive hassle of European products. Terry’s clock designs reduced the length of the gear trains inside the clock and moved the gears and pendulum outside the frame, instead of encasing the entire clock like the older, more expensive “tall clock” design. Terry’s clock was easier to make, cheaper to produce, smaller, and much easier to clean and adjust. Chapter three also highlights other people who had similar approaches in changing their industry of expertise, including textiles and mass production. This approach is also described in chapter four, titled “American Arms: Whitney, North, Blanchard, and Hall,” which focuses for the most part on gun making. It describes the process of making a gun so it shoots correctly and accurately, and how this process was

In the 1800s women were looked upon as second-class citizens, depriving them the right to vote, run for office, to become educated or even to have any type of profession. After women were married they were not allowed to own their own property, wages/income, or sign contracts. After decades of intense political activities and rallies women were granted the right to vote in the year 1920. Women decided to take a stand as one and fight for equality amongst men and women, even if it meant dying for women in the future to one day cast a vote or run in the election.

Until August of 1920 women couldn’t vote. The issue wasn’t well-known until 1850 when the National Women’s Rights Convention was formed. After that, the issue was recognized and more groups like this were popping up. More women realized that this was an issue and fought to make it legal for women to vote.

It took about 100 years for women to achieve this right. In the beginning, women pointed out that “women and men were created equal,” but when this argument held no weight in their fight to vote, they started to point out that “women should be able to vote because they are different” (“The Fight for,” 2009). This change in their argument helped them greatly because it served “many political agendas” (“The Fight for,” 2009). Women had become very persistent about gaining citizenship and the right to vote. They did everything they could to prove their worthiness and it paid off.

In August of 1920, women gained the right to vote after a long and brutal seventy-two year battle.

The Industrial Revolution that occurred in England capitalized on a surplus woolen cloth, creating more factory jobs therefore encouraging a massive migration from rural to urban areas. In addition to new jobs, English farming productivity increased tremendously as new techniques were adopted allowing for bountiful crops and low food prices. Not only did these new methods benefit Britain’s economy but they also reduced the necessary jobs in agriculture, producing a larger pool for potential factory workers. With a greater number of middle class workers, as well as new educational opportunities like compulsory education, liberalism spread. Therefore, when laws like those of the Corn Laws came into play, urban laborers were able to gather together and create cohesive protests that were supported by radical intellectuals, allowing for the public voice to be heard and reform laws to be made. These new reform laws demonstrate the change in political power from aristocracy to being run by the laboring middle class, allowing for the economic powerhouse (being the laborers) to gain liberalization. In addition to the larger working force and their new power, the incorporation of laissez faire, otherwise known as free trade, allowed all citizens equal opportunity and a chance at private enterprise without the government getting involved. This new installation not only increased the wealth of European countries but also that of the individual. Moreover, as stated previously increased education as well as the reinstitution of unions allowed for the common laborer to fight for progressive rights and reforms as seen specifically in France when in 1860 unions were legalized and the right to protest was tolerated by the government. These advancements not only increased the rights of the common laborer, but set concrete

Many political movements take root or are further developed during the Victorian Era in England. For example, industrialization leads to workers’ unions and the outcry

The English "consumed far greater amounts of meat than their French counterparts" (Evans, 6) and what is even more surprising is that this prosperity was also enjoyed by populations living well outside urban settlements. Stratification in British society was more than evident in this period and this is evident by unequal access to wealth, status, and power. Aristocracy was an integral part of the society and divine rule was still a universal belief held by most subjects of the British society. Bureaucracy, at the time, was a well established institution which seemed to grow with the growth of the economy subsequent to the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was the result of several factors that Britain had supremacy over. The British colonies were at its highest productivity and all the exports were shipped to England where they were sold or used as raw materials for production. It is argued that the cotton industry was the largest contributor to the technological advances of the period, more specifically, advances in weaving techniques. Factories grew in urban areas of England, where labor was plentiful, and it was not long before even the cities were not big enough to supply the labor requirements of the factories. Rural settlements soon were emptied by the promise of prosperity and independence from communal living. Massive amounts of previously agricultural workers were migrating to the cities with no vision of what may be in store for them. What awaited