Howler Monkey Research Paper

Isbell and Wright’s articles both focus on monkey species and their native environments, Africa for Isbell’s (1994) vervet Old World monkey and South America, Peru area, for Wright’s (1994) owl and titis monkeys. The articles main focus is the relationship between these monkeys and their natural predators. Focusing on how the predator aspect of their lives is determined by their environment and adaptations they make to ensure survival. Isbell’s Vervets Year of Doom focuses more on the adaptations that was forced upon the vervets’ because of their changing environment, the death of fever trees. While Wright’s Night Watch on the Amazon focusses more on how the primates way of life affects their relationship with predators and the likelihood of attacks. Both articles have similar aspects however the species way of life, specifically their environment and sleep schedule, are quite different as well as the authors way of observing and studying the primates within their habitats.

The male mandrill has these adaptations so that he can show himself off to other mandrill and also intimidate predators. Which were the Gibbon has the same canine fairly long but not s long as the mandrill still a enough resemblance use to scare off their enemy as well. Also they share the same diet and like to feed on the same resources such as leaves, and insects.The Philippine tarsier share many similarities with the Gibbon they are both arboreal which means they spend most of their time in the trees. And they both have unique functions of their bodies which helps them to maneuver from tree to tree the Philippine tarsier tibia and fibula are fused in their lower portions, acting as a shock absorber. This is considered a primitive trait, which can normally be seen in quadrupeds. The lower limbs are twice the length of its trunk. The Gibbons have shoulder flexors, extensors, rotator muscles and elbow flexors with a high power or work-generating capacity and their wrist flexors have a high force-generating capacity which allows the gibbon

Mandrills, or also known by their scientific name Mandrillus sphinx, live in the rain forests of equatorial Africa, (San Diego Balboa Zoo, Mandrill exhibit/plaques, 2018).

As my observation continued I noticed they are constantly digging in search of something and when they have found an item of interest they immediately sniff to possibly get a better sense of what they have in their possession. Upon looking at the Mandrill monkeys they have a nub for a tail that usually arches and lays against they back and when on high alert it is stiff and stands at a vertical angle. As I moved on to the Siamang Gibbon who inhabits rainforests in the mountain regions they are the largest of the three monkeys I observed. They have much longer forelimb than their hind limbs and as for their usage of scent I haven’t observed any type of action. In this species I observed no tail just fur all over. In comparison, us humans have longer legs and arms that are at an appropriate length in relation to our legs and throughout our lifetime we have used our arms to climb and hang from a number of things. As for the way we use our nose we don’t have that sharp of a scent to sniff out hormones that are projected when we find someone attractive but we both share the forward facing eyes.

When researching primates to choose, Bonobo monkeys, caught my interest. Although, I’ve known of their existence for a few years, I never really researched into depth about the species. I chose this species for a few reasons; humankind’s closest living relatives, sharing more than 98% of our DNA, their intelligence, emotional expression, and sensitivity. While reading in chapter seven, I found out ways of categorizing a species as a primate.

Howler monkeys are infamous for their extremely loud calls that can be heard from several kilometers away. Alouatta palliate, otherwise commonly known as the mantled howler monkey, is one of the most studied howler monkey species. The mantled howler monkey taxonomy shows that it falls under the Haplorhini suborder and the Plattyrhine (New World Monkey) infraorder. It then falls under the Atelidae family and the Alouatta genus. The mantled howler monkey can be separated easily from other howler monkey species in the Alouatta genus by its coloration and the long guard hairs located on its sides, for which it received its species common name “mantled” (Henderson, 2000). There are three recognized subspecies of Alouatta palliate (Rylands et al.,

Most primates communicate through a lot of ways, one of them being vocalization. Vocalization in primates have a range of functions, but some vary in contexts. For example, vocalization between one primate and another primate can differ greatly from communication between one group and another group. Of all primates, the only species to have developed speech are humans. Another form of communication is the use of symbols and hand gestures. Although apes use symbols, this provides insight on their cognitive abilities. In particular, there have been various recent studies on nonhuman primates and how they show a high level of complexity in linguistics, which is similar to humans. We study primate communication and their behavior to get a better

Capuchin Monkeys are well known for their brains, their intelligence is considered to be the most agile in all of the new world primates. They can be seen up in the trees of Central and South America. This is where their geological preference to live is, up high in trees and they are very superb at doing so. Their ability to survive is phenomenal despite all of the shortcomings that are all possible to face in the wild. From their unique fur colorization, their fur is white from head to shoulders while from the shoulders down there color is black. The locomotion that they use to maneuver swinging from tree to tree is by using all four limbs and for a short period of time they can walk on two legs. Capuchin monkeys are uniquely different and surprisingly very knowledgeable at what they do in order to be able to maintain their survival based on learned and experimental behaviors.

Sexual selection relies one one’s ability to find and attract a mate. This task is accomplished by using a number of sensory systems. Males and females produce signals such as pheromones, mating calls, or nuptial colors. Once produced, a mate reacts to the signal using other sensory signals such as olfaction, hearing, or vision. The success of mating relies directly on each organism’s ability to send and receive these signals. The sexual selection theory predicts a tight coupling between the evolution of sexual displays and the sensory capabilities of the receiver (kirk). Additionally, mating signals are crucial not only in potential mates, but also against competitors. It is critical for males and females to be able to detect the presence

There is currently only one species of monkey left alone called the barbary macaque.There are currently 264 known species of monkeys. Old world monkeys lived in asia and

When a tail is available it may be elongated or little but it is never grasping. The nostrils are adjacent and normally points downward. They have cheek holders for stashing food, and many have chunky pads on their buttocks. However, The Old-World monkeys are more similar to the apes and humans than they are to the New World monkeys. The Old World monkeys include many species of macaque, found throughout Africa and Asia. The rhesus monkey, normally used to be examined in laboratory experiments, is ultimately an Asian macaque. Closely related to the macaques are the baboons of Africa and South West Asia. The colobus monkeys, are very enormous, long-tailed, leaf-eating African monkeys. The guenons are the genus of Old World monkeys, they are an enormous group of long-legged, long-tailed, omnivorous monkeys and normally they are found within the sub-Saharan Africa. There is one very known guenon species and it is the green monkey with olive-brown fur. The New World monkeys are found around South Mexico and central South America, with an exception of the high mountains. They are identified as two families which are the callitrichids and

The Gorilla is the largest of the living primates, male gorillas weigh up to 200kg, yet are shy and retiring vegetarians.

The Japanese Macaque, also known as the snow monkey, are a popular tourist attraction at national parks in Japan. However, these primates are much more than a tourist attraction. There has been more than 40 years of research conducted on the Japanese macaque, leading to a large amount of information about this intricate species (Sommer, 2006). Unlike a large number of primate species whose populations are endangered, these primates are a respected species in Japan, indicated by their status of Lower risk- least concern (Watanabe, 2008). However, Japanese macaques could be heading for a less promising future as their increased conflict with humans has wiped out some local populations of the species in Japan (Muroyama & Yamada, 2010). Furthermore, a strict social hierarchy drives their dispersal behaviors while the need to survive harsh winter climates drives their feeding and spacing behaviors. While there is an extensive amount of information about all aspects of Japanese Macaque life, there are still some questions to be answered about their unique social behaviors.

monkeys who live in groups. Thus, a leader became even more adamant and fierce towards other

According to the IUCN redlist, these baboons are of least concern, meaning their population is at the lowest level of risk. P. anubis resides in ranges across Sub-Saharan Africa (Shefferly, 2004). This range is the largest of all baboons and has a significant