The literature search for this review was conducted using several databases including CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Search terms included “ human papillomavirus vaccine”, “ human papillomavirus”, “HPV”, “ human papillomavirus safety and effectiveness”, “human papillomarvirus vaccination rates”, “HPV randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews”. Since licensure of the HPV vaccine in 2006, HPV vaccine coverage among US adolescents has increased but remains low compared with other recommended vaccines. Studies show that the influence of accurate information about vaccines is maximized when conveyed from provider to parent or patient and for parents, healthcare providers such as physicians or …show more content…
In response to this serious health issue, more than 20 years of incremental research culminated in the development of HPV vaccines that elicit strong immunogenic reactions without the risk of causing infection. A review of the literature has revealed that persistent infection with an oncogenic strain of HPV is the known cause of cervical cancer and of the 40 HPV types that affect the genital area, at least 15 types are known to be oncogenic or cancer causative (Armstrong, 2010). Based on clinical trials, HPV vaccination is effective against the occurrence of precancerous lesions and according to Armstrong (2010), studies of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine revealed a 98% protection against high-grade precancerous lesions, whereas for bivalent HPV vaccine 93% efficacy has been demonstrated in females to HPV 16 and 18 who completed the 3-dose vaccine series prior to engaging in any type of sexual actitivities. Cook & et al (2010), acknowledges that there is no research available on long term efficiency of vaccines and also not everyone who initiates the vaccine series completes all 3 doses or completes all doses in the recommended 6-month time frame; this noncompliance and
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is very common throughout the United States and worldwide (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). There are over 100 different forms of the virus with 13 of these types being capable of causing cancer (WHO, 2016). HPV can lead to the development of serious health problems. Theses health problems are especially an issue for adolescent women due to the highly increasing STD rates among this age group (Kostas-Polston, Johnson-Mallard & Berman, 2012). There is a vaccine for many of the common types of HPV, however, many parents are refusing to vaccinate their daughters for various reasons. With the rising cases of STDs, less birth
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a killer. It is an awful disease that is the culprit of many deaths each year. We have the means for its prevention, yet HPV vaccination for girls is a controversial topic to some. This controversy carries over to the current question on whether or not males should also be vaccinated. The issue is starting to play a huge role in the media; Fox news recently broadcasted a story on male HPV vaccinations. This story makes clear the benefits that would come from vaccinating males, including a statement from the Center for Disease Control that, “The HPV vaccine will afford protection against certain HPV-related conditions and cancers in males, and vaccination of males with HPV may also provide indirect protection
Prophylactic vaccination against high risk human papilloma virus 16 and 18 represents an exciting means of protection against HPV related malignancy. However, this strategy alone, even if there is a level of cross protection against other oncogenic viruses, cannot completely prevent cervical cancer. In some countries cervical screening programs have reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by up to 80 percent although this decline has now reached a plateau with current cancers occurring in patients who have failed to attend for screening or where the sensitivity of the tests have proved inadequate. Cervical screening is inevitably associated with significant anxiety for the many women who require investigation and treatment following abnormal cervical cytology. However, it is vitally important to stress the need for continued cervical screening to complement vaccination in order to optimize prevention in vaccines and prevent cervical cancer in older women where the value of vaccination is currently unclear. It is likely that vaccination will ultimately change the natural history of HPV disease by reducing the influence of the highly oncogenic types HPV 16 and 18. In the long term this is likely to lead to an increase in recommended screening intervals. HPV vaccination may also reduce
The HPV vaccine is cancer prevention. Over thousands of cases of HPV cancers are detected every year in men and women. The HPV vaccination is important because it can prevent these cancers. The United States Food and Drug Administration approved this vaccine and it is one hundred percent safe. This vaccine is preventive care for the second leading cancer in women. It has been proven to be one hundred percent effective in prevention of cervical cancer, but the vaccine must be given to children between the age of 11 -17 before they become sexually active. After the age seventeen with young women most become sexually active and receive their first pap smear from their gynecologist, receiving the vaccine at this point is not as effective in prevention of cancers. Another benefit of receiving the vaccine during adolescent, is it supports people who may not have the medical knowledge or access to regular medical services.
Although both sexes are affected by HPV, females tend to suffer more from cancers associated with the virus (CDC, 2014). However in 2006 a vaccine that prevents HPV was licensed to be used in females aged 9 to 26 years as a three-shot series (Dinh, et al., 2008). Since HPV is difficult
Cases show that over 4,000 people die from a cancer caused by HPV every year. This HPV vaccine is virtually 100% effective in preventing the lesions, which in turn prevents most cervical cancers caused by HPV. This vaccine is said to mirror the Hepatitis B vaccine which can last up to thirty years! The vaccine is also very safe. Case studies have been done on over one million women, and no one has come through with any side effects. This vaccine doesn’t prevent you from all sexually transmitted diseases, and it also isn’t sure to prevent you from all types of Human Papillomaviruses, just the ones that are more likely to cause cervical
HPV is short for Human Papillomavirus. The virus can cause anal cancer, mouth/throat cancer, vaginal cancer, and cancer in the penis for men. “There are about 17,500 women and 9,300 men affected by HPV-related cancers every year” (Eggen 1). It has been medically proven that the vaccine could have prevented the cancer. The human papillomavirus is passed from one person to another during any skin to skin sexual contact. The virus is most common during late teen years to early twenties. The vaccination is recommended for preteen girls and boys at age eleven or twelve. Some parents feel as though this is preparing their child for sex, and do not find it morally acceptable. However it has been proven that “the HPV vaccine has a better response in preteens, and this could essentially mean better protection for a child” (Eggen 1).Some social conservatives objected at the time that the vaccine would
Being the 50 percent of sexually active people will have genital hpv in their lifetime the Human papilloma virus is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States of America.There are two vaccines that are currently available to prevent the Human papilloma virus that cause the most cervical cancers.The vaccines are Cervarix and Gardasil which also treats genital warts as well as anal and vaginal cancers. No federal laws yet mandate vaccinations but all states require certain vaccinations for children entering public schools. The human papilloma virus vaccine prevents infection with certain species of human papilloma virus associated with the development of cervical cancer and genital warts. The
In recent years, medical experts and public health advocates have increasingly become concerned about the growing underutilization of the HPV vaccination in the United States. While most agree that the issue deserves attentions, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. This literature review examines the background of HPV, several approaches to ensuring that HPV vaccinations utilized. This paper also compares effectiveness, for females ages 12-26, of strategies and of the only vaccination approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long term prevention of HPV, as well as consequent diseases/illnesses.
Among the many arguments for mandatory HPV vaccination, the foremost is that it is an important medical achievement and a major public health milestone. This vaccine has proven to be one-hundred percent effective in preventing the 4 HPV strains that are responsible for seventy percent of cervical cancers and ninety percent of genital warts. In addition, no serious side effects have been identified. Because this vaccine is a preventive measure, administration before onset of sexual activity is ideal; however, even females who have been sexually active can still benefit from this vaccination (Perkins et al., 2010). Nationally and internationally, the HPV vaccine will significantly reduce disease burden by reducing monetary and psychological costs of invasive procedures that remove precancerous and cancerous lesions. By combining vaccination with routine Pap smear screening, these public health efforts have the remarkable opportunity to eradicate cervical cancer (Ramet et al., 2011).
HPV also known as human papillomavirus which is an infectious disease. It is a fact that infectious diseases no longer the leading cause of death and has been replaced by chronic disease as the leading cause of death. Two antibodies have market regard in numerous nations starting called Gardasil and Cervix in the US and this essay will analyze all there is to HPV, risks associated with requiring the HPV vaccine in public schools and more.
Studies are being conducted to test the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. The first HPV vaccine came out in June of 2006, but it was not released until 2007 (Vetter, Geller 1258) (Fonteneau 2). HPV stands for Human Papillomavirus; it is a sexually transmitted disease that leads to cervical cancer and genital warts in women, and genital warts, penile cancer, and anal cancer in men (Vamos, McDermott, and Daley 302). There are four strands of HPV, with HPV 16 and HPV 18 being the
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that can cause both cervical cancer and/or genital warts. In most cases of HPV there are no symptoms and individuals are unaware that they have the virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). It can be spread through vaginal, anal and oral intercourse and is the most common STI (CDC, n.d.). In 2006 a vaccine was approved to protect against the types of HPV associated with the majority of cervical cancer and genital warts (Gardasil, 2014). I have found through my clinical experience that many parents are unsure if their child should receive the HPV vaccination. There are many factors including baseline knowledge, safety, effectiveness, cost, values/beliefs
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescents ages 11 to 12 years. HPV vaccination rates remain low in the United States. Communication strategies to inform adolescents about HPV vaccination may increase vaccination rates and compliance with series. Text messages have been used as an approach to remind parents about HPV vaccination; however, there is minimal research on the efficacy of information delivered through text messages about HPV to adolescents.
There have been concerns about the safety of the HPV vaccines. In Basu’s (2013) article they reviewed the evidence from the phase III trials and national programs for the HPV vaccine. After reviewing the data though the article showed that all the randomized control trials reported both their serious and non-serious adverse events that took place during the phase III trials. “There were 20,000 participants in the trial” (p.4). Pain at the injection site, headache, and fatigue were the most frequently reported issues. The serious adverse effects were very rare so the vaccine was considered safe.