NATURE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
In simple terms, training and development refers to the imparting of specific skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee. A formal definition of training & development is… it is any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. The need for training & development is determined by the employee’s performance deficiency, computed as follows:
Training & Development need = Standard performance – Actual performance.
We can make a distinction among training, education and development. Such distinction enables us to acquire a better
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INPUTS IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTS
Any training and development programme must contain inputs which enable the participants to gain skills, learn theoretical concepts and help acquire vision to look into distant future. In addition to these, there is a need to impart ethical orientation, emphasize on attitudinal changes and stress upon decision-making and problem-solving abilities.
Skills
Training, as was stated earlier, is imparting skills to employees. A worker needs skills to operate machines, and use other equipments with least damage or scrap. This is a basic skill without which the operator will not be able to function. There is also the need for motor skills. Motor skills refer to performance of specific physical activities. These skills involve training to move various parts of one’s body in response to certain external and internal stimuli. Common motor skills include walking, riding a bicycle, tying a shoelace, throwing a ball and driving a car. Motor skills are needed for all employees – from the clerk to the general manager. Employees, particularly
Training and Development is imperative to the organization’s progress. Training helps addressing employee weaknesses and builds a reliable and skilled workforce. This will improve the employees’ performance and boost their self confidence, and innovation. By acquiring the needed knowledge and skills, employees can perform more efficiently and increase the overall productivity of the organization.
Training must be addressed in such a way that it covers the employees’ performance-development needs and is in accordance with their job descriptions.
Training is a planned effort to enable employees to learn job-related knowledge, skills, and behavior. Development involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and behaviors that improve employees’ ability to meet the challenges of a variety of new or existing jobs, including the client and customer demands of those jobs (p. 9).
Within todays ever-changing working society, training and development is a key part within any organisation. Employees are the main capital within organisations which suggests
Training and development is one of the many essential functions of human resource management; it is deemed as the planning learned experience by which employees are taught various aspects of a given job and most importantly how to perform a job and or a future tasks. The basis for training and development implementation is to mold an efficient employee who performs tasks effectively resulting in optimum productivity, which aids in an organization’s overall aspirations. Job training has been around for centuries and has been utilized to teach individuals task specific to a given job or industry; it differs from education which affords individuals general information regarding traditional topics such as science, math, history, reading, and writing. Over those centuries, a few training methods have been explored such as on the job training, classroom training, vestibule training, systematic training, and the most currently used computer training. Within each of these, training methods can be found imperative information to assist an organization successfully meeting objectives.
Training and development imply changes, particularly changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, or social behaviors, and although many strategies exist for effecting change, training and development are common and important ones. Organizations exist everywhere and with each organization it has its own set of objectives to function effectively. To have an organization function effectively, the organization must subdivide its overall objectives into various jobs. Jobs differ in their requirements, similarly, people differ in aptitudes, abilities, and interests, and along many other dimensions. Faced with such variability in jobs and their requirements on the one hand, and with people and his or her individual
There is a small difference regarding the importance of training and development. This area of responsibility is crucial when an organization is striving for an increase in sales. Proper and thorough training will create the changes needed to enhance the knowledge and skills of each employee. Training is also a way of communication between management and staff and should be a top priority in all departments.
Training and development has become increasingly essential to the success of modern organisations, yet some still look at training as a problem or as something that is not taken seriously. Training and development is one key approach used by organisations to improve and maintain the capabilities of its workforce. However, many experts distinguish between training and development, being that training tends to be more closely focused and adapted towards short-term performance concerns, while development tends to be adapted more towards expanding an individual’s skills for future responsibilities (Snell and Bohlander 2007). The main reason that organisations train their employees is to bring their knowledge, skills and abilities up to the
Training and development is defined as the heart of a continuous effort deigned to improve employee competency and organisational performance (Mondy, Robert and Shane 2002). Training provides trainees with information and skills needed for their current job, while development arms them with the knowledge needed for the future role.
Provide training that is specific to improve current performance, general to provide wider skills and advance to prepare
Training and development activities include: Inductions, Health & Safety training/law, organisation and delivery of training courses, structuring appraisals & Personal Development framework, holding, recording and updating training information and managing training budgets.
Our textbook defines training as “systematic acquisition of skills, rules, concepts, or attitudes that result in improved performance” (p. 284). Training helps employee develop the skills and knowledge needed to perform their job correctly. In order for organizations to determine what kind of training is needed, organizations must conduct a needs analysis. The needs analysis helps determine the best training for the organization’s needs. There are three types of needs analysis that are typically conducted. These need analysis are: organizational analysis, task analysis, and person analysis.
Training can be defined as a process which brings an employee to an acceptable and decided standard of talent and skills through teaching and making them learn via guidance. Training helps the employee to perform the task better by gaining the required knowledge, skills and attitudes. Training enhances the understanding of employees; and gives them a scope to analyze and explore their own present knowledge and abilities. Training is a participative process in which participation takes place between the trainer and the trainee. Trainer is an expert and can impart knowledge whereas trainee is the learner to whom knowledge will be imparted. Both the
The scope of this study is restricted to examining the manpower training and development needs at Zenith Bank Plc.
Oribabor (2000) says that the aim of training and development to develop competencies such as technical , conceptual and managerial advantages for the furtherance of individual and organizational growth, also Isyakn (2000) identified that this process “TRAINING and DEVELOPMENT” is a continues one. Among other school that has highlighted the significance of Training and Development are Akintayo (1996), Graig (1976) and Oguntimehin (2001). They have postulated the functions as follows :-