Hubble Constant Lab Report

It is easy to flip to the index of an astronomy textbook to discover that, say, the Sun lies 150 million kilometers away from Earth.  It is far more difficult (if not impossible), however, to picture this distance in the human mind.  In this exercise, we will learn to access the often unpalatable distances encountered in astronomy by simply scaling the huge distances to more recognizable, pedestrian numbers.  So long as every distance within the system of interest is scaled by the same factor, we retain the meaningful information about relative distances between objects.

How does this relate to the age and origin of the universe? The principle is really quite simple: if the velocity and distance to most galaxies are known, one can extrapolate their motion backward to find the time that they were all compressed together at the moment of the universe's origin, the Big Bang. The duration between then and now is the universe's age. Of course, a simple linear extrapolation won't do; the gravity resulting from matter in the universe can be

It is easy to flip to the index of an astronomy textbook to discover that, say, the Sun lies 150 million kilometers away from Earth. It is far more difficult (if not impossible), however, to picture this distance in our mind. In this exercise, we will learn to access the often unpalatable distances encountered in astronomy by simply scaling the huge distances to more recognizable, familiar numbers. So long as every distance within the system of interest is scaled by the same

Mega parsec (Mpc) is a unit that consists of 1 million parsec, where 1 parsec is equal to 3.26 light years. Distance indicators are used to measure distances of objects brighter than Cepheid stars. Hubble’s Law is the relationship between the distances of galaxies; the further away the galaxy is the faster its moving. Spiral Galaxy is where there is a central hub surrounded by a disk of stars, gas and dust in a spiral pattern. Elliptical Galaxy is a round ball shape galaxy which consisting of almost a trillion stars in them. Irregular Galaxies are small galaxies that have no fixed shape. Barred Spiral Galaxy is a galaxy that has a nucleus which has a shape of a bar from which the spirals arms extend. Star Burst Galaxy is galaxies that are undergoing

By showing everyone that other galaxies existed, other scientists were able to better to grasp the concept of the size of the universe. According to Biography.com, “the classification system for galaxies that he created (now known as the Hubble sequence) has been used by other researchers for nearly a century.” Edwin Hubble’s work with Milton Humason back then helped confirm the theory that the universe is actively expanding. With the help of a chemist named Richard Tolman Hubble was able to publish his research in the mid 1930’s. Hubble and Humason’s findings also helped prove the theory that galaxies have to come from a central point of origin, which was used by some other scientist to support the Big Bang Theory.

In the early 1900s, Henrietta Leavitt was studying Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (the small satellite galaxy of the Milky Way) and found a relationship between their period and luminosity. This meant that, simply by measuring the period of a more distant Cepheid, astronomers could immediately determine its luminosity – and hence, its distance.

Also, The scale that you are looking at has to perfect. It states in article five, “too big,” and “too small.” For our universe, looking at the universe by minute would take years, but by looking at it from too far, we will not be able to see the thresholds in detail. The scale in which you are using has to be just right to fit the item you are looking at, but still looking at the universe farther away than we would with an apple. We cannot look at an apple from far away, or it would look like a red dot, we would have to look at it from close up to identify it and look at its

Which means that they at one point must have been touching each other. To help verify this was Edward Hubble who found there is a directly proportional “relation between Redshift and Distance”(pg.22). Meaning galaxy’s light spectrum increases in wavelength from the light we receive from a galaxy and the speed with which it moves away from earth. He used that to calculate the distance of the galaxy from Earth, and then approximated the age for the universe. “There is... a way to confirm that the galaxies are really moving apart, as indicated by the red shifts”(page32). This discovery was a great importance to the Standard Model. Once it was clear that the universe was expanding, Hubble proceeded to calculate the speed the galaxies that are moving away from us. A constant now called “Hubble’s constant”, which determines that galaxies increase in constant proportion to their distance. The next thing important to the Standard Model was the Theory of General Relativity published by Albert Einstein. His model predicted an expanding universe; “in order to achieve a model that fit…Einstein was forced to mutilate his equation by introducing a term called cosmological constant”(page 35). Which made the formula consistent with a static Universe. The next important thing about the Standard Model was when the radiation expanded, dropped frequency and gained wavelength. There was “diffuse background of radio static left over from near the beginning of the universe”(page46). “Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson, set out to use the antenna to measure the intensity of the radio waves emitted from our galaxy at high galactic latitudes, out of the planes of the Milky Way”(page46). Which confirmed the Standard Model theory that remained

     Edwin Hubble’s curiosity about the universe started at youth and has grown. Without this, he would have no desire to study the stars or galaxies. Hubble’s interest in astronomy at the age of eight. On his eighth birthday party he spent the night with his grandfather star gazing (Freidman 16). When he was twelve years old he would ask his parents to seep outside and look at the stars at midnight with his friend Sam Shelton (18). His grandfather asked Hubble an astronomical question, and Hubble answered it so cleverly that his

The late 1920’s most galaxy he observed we are moving away from earth. Each planet are moving farther and farther apart.Even galaxy gets feather apart. Did you know that it takes the light from the sun to the earth it takes 7 minutes to travel from there to here.

Edwin hubble invented the space telescope, he made some of the most important discoveries in modern astronomy. As an astronomer, Dr. Hubble was a late bloomer. Before discovering his passion for the stars, Dr. Hubble earned a law degree and served in World War I. 1373 Cincinnati, provisional designation 1935 QN, is an asteroid of the outer asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by the famous American astronomer Edwin Hubble at Mount Wilson Observatory on August 30, 1935. In his short paper, Hubble presented the observational evidence for one of science’s greatest discoveries the expanding universe. Hubble showed that galaxies are receding away from us with a velocity that is proportional to their distance

Calculating stellar movements 5 millions years in the future is no simple math problem. Objects that are great distances appear to move much slower the those closer. We are only just beginning to learn about the behavior of the stars and we cannot know if the will behave the way we expect.

“The Hubble, has given us nothing less than an ontological awakening, a forceful reckoning with what is the telescope compels the mind to contemplate space and time on a scale just shy of the infinite.” implied Ross Anderson, an engineer. With this one telescope, created by a normal astronomer, scientists and astronomers are able to see space as never seen before. They are able to make mind boggling observations that contemplate space to an infinite scale. Thousands of discoveries about space have been observed through this lense and without the magnitude of high level instruments compiled into this large instrument most of these observations would never have been discovered. As proposed by Floyd E. Bloom a researcher, on izquotes.com, “As

The Hubble’s constant is a measure of the current expansion rate of the universe (1). Researchers have deduced that the expansion rate of the universe is found by the current density and composition it holds (1). Hubble’s constant is represented by H0; the equation use is 1/H0 (1). According to Hubble’s constant, it is around 72 km/sec/Mega parsec (1). Thus, approximately equals to about 13.77 billion years; give or take about 50 million years (1). However, researchers discovered that the universe is currently expanding slower than previous years; affecting the rate of the universe (1).

we can see that the modulus of this quantity increases as the Hubble radius increases too. Thus if we have \left|\Omega_{k,0}\right|\leq0.01