Hubble's Constant Research Paper

In our Milky Way galaxy, there are over a hundred billion stars, and within the universe there are billions of galaxies (Classifying Stars). Astronomers have always come up with different techniques to make their jobs easier. One important technique in, not only astronomy but science itself, is trying to classify something into groups to find a certain pattern. Since there are so many stars in a single galaxy, astronomers must find methods for organization. Stars are not all the same, they vary in size, temperature, and brightness. To keep track of all these different characteristics, astronomers had to come up with a diagram. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is one of the most useful plots for stellar astronomy (Classifying Stars). The diagram

Just under seven years ago, astronomers using the Hubble space telescope presented results they hoped would help answer one of the most contentious issues in astronomy of the 20th century – the question of the distance scale of the universe. But there was some unease when the result was announced. According to the report, other galaxies were close enough that, extrapolating backwards from their current rate of recession and making adjustments for the influence of gravity, they all would have been together (that is, the Big Bang would have occurred) as recently as 8 billion years ago. Unfortunately, there was strong evidence already in place that some stars were at least 12-15

Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson is to be admired in many ways. The standard way of thinking about an Astrophysicist is that they are introverted, stuffy, intellects, creating mindless boredom on a subject of cosmic importance, insuring that a mere mortal can never understand their concepts at a basic level. Fortunately, Dr. Tyson breaks this mold of previous colleagues and avoids being a scientist full of random, mumbling, brainpower. Natural charisma coupled with articulate explanations allows him to relate a complex equation of the universe so the average person can grasp it at an elementary level. Because of this ability, he is interviewed often for his opinion on a wide variety of subjects that expand far from his professional field. When discussing

PURPOSE: The aim of the investigation was to further our understanding of the physical laws that govern our ability to receive and interpret information in the form of visible light. We have all had a physics class that at least brushed the introduction of optics, but we can still further our comprehension by experimenting with optics that have different characteristics. Does one axis truly get inverted when viewing an object through a lens? How significant of an effect does human error have in calculating reflection (if any)? How much does magnification blur an image viewed through an optic? How much does the angle of light deflect from a change of medium?

Edwin Hubble once stated, “we do not know why we are born into this world, but we can try to find out what sort of a world it is.” If Edwin Hubble had never made his discovery, our perspective of the universe would be so much different. Born on November 20, 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, Edwin Hubble was a very bright student. Later in his life, Hubble had observed the stars through multiple telescopes, and had come to the conclusion that there are many more galaxies other than just our Milky Way. Unfortunately, Edwin Hubble died on Se 1953 in San Marino, California. Edwin Hubble made multiple discoveries that all support american astronomy, and remained open to new situations and persisted to innovate ways to overcome the mysteries of space exploration. Hubble completely illuminated the world by extending the observable universe by millions of galaxies, and by benefitting the field of astronomy in a multitude of ways.

In this essay I am researching a famous astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus. I will be talking about his life, his accomplishments, and why he is famous. When I started researching his name I was a little disappointed. I went to the Biography Reference Bank first. When I searched for the name Nicolaus Copernicus not as many sources popped up compared to if I were to type in any other famous person name. When I went to Academic Search Premier there were a little more results than the other. Nevertheless, there was not that many to go off of. I decided to go with one source from the Academic Search Premier and the other from the UCO Library database.

Since velocity is a distance unit by a time unit, unit analysis yields that the inverse of the Hubble Constant is an estimation for the time the universe has been expanding, and if one assumes the universe expands linearly for its life, an estimate of the age of the universe, known as the Hubble Time [3]:

Stoic metaphysical idea of cosmic determinism is human beings using their ability of free will to make their own decisions, knowing that every action that they make will always have consequence. Every event is always cause by another action, which is led by the decision that someone made. Events cannot be avoid because there will be another event cause by your actions avoiding the previous event. For example, if you were to be shot by a man on the street and dodge the bullet and that bullet killed someone else that happen to be there. The action you made killed the random civilian, which is the consequence and unenviable event. Everything will come back around and become a continuous cycle cause and effect that will never stop.

NASA's Hubble Telescope has seemingly maxed out. Recently, an international group of astronomers have measured the distance to the most remote galaxy ever observed. It what is known as GN-Z11, this galaxy is one of the first galaxies to form. Its existence can be traced as early as 400 million years after the Big Bang. Knowing this brings astronomers one step closer to finding out how to the universe was created. In other words, they may have just found God.

Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who revolutionized cosmology and was regarded as one of the most significant observers in the field. While working at Mount Wilson, Hubble discovered that there were more existing galaxies besides the Milky Way Galaxy. Hubble took many photos through the observatory's telescope, and it allowed him to calculate the distance of other galaxies by comparing the varying degrees of luminosity in the stars themselves. Although there was no evidence suggesting the size of the other galaxies that Hubble discovered, he was ultimately able to compute that the Andromeda Nebula was about one million light years away from us. Later in his career Hubble began to explore the way galaxies shifted in space relative to

“To know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know, what we do not know, that is true knowledge.” Copernicus

Hubble's discovery explains that the universe has been expanding. Hubble’s discovery can be proved by a linear formula. It tells the relationship between the distances to remote galaxies and the redshifts of galactic spectra as galaxies expanding away from the solar system.

The universe is approximately 13.77 billion years old (1). There are two methods which researchers use to determine the age of the universe: observing the oldest stars; and using the Hubble’s constant (1). Observing the star does not mean going outside and looking up in the sky. Using a telescope, researchers can look beyond the human eyes to see a more desirable view of reality in space. Thus, researchers can gather information and determine where the global cluster of stars is located in the universe. Why does it have to be in a cluster? Stars that stay closer to each other indicate that they were formed at the same time (1). The star’s brightness and mass help determine its age (1). A star burns hydrogen as fuel to preserve its brightness;

Cosmological redshift is the lengthening of light waves due to the expansion of space whereas the Doppler shift is light or sound waves that are shortened or lengthened because the object is moving closer or farther away from you. These two types of shift differ because in cosmological redshift the space between the observer and the object is being stretched and in the case of Doppler shift the object itself is actually moving closer or farther

ought the first chapter of the book The Cosmic Calender was pretty captivating. The very first sentence “The world is very old, and human beings are very young” made me want to explore what the author meant by that statement.