Hubble's Law Research Paper

The Hubble Space Telescope has had and still has the greatest Societal Impact among Humanity

In inspiring people to have the passion in understanding the universal laws that govern us all, Professor Stephen Hawking reminds us on his speech for his 70th birthday to “remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet” (enoch, 2012). Many scientists have been “looking up” and have discovered answers to the many questions that we have of the universe for ages. They have constructed theories, launched satellites, observed stellar phenomena, and even sent living beings in space to gain more understanding of the existence of everything. After centuries of research and observation, there are still some aspects of Astronomy that are still to be explored. One of them is the evolution of the Solar System, which is composed of the Sun and everything that travels around it. This includes eight planets and their natural satellites such as the Earth’s moon; dwarf planets such as Pluto and Ceres; asteroids; comets and meteoroids (Solar System Exploration, 2014). The Solar System is located in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a part of a galactic group under the Virgo Supercluster. Figure 1 shows the location of our Solar System in the Universe. Many theories have been proposed on how the Solar System existed, but none has been completely successful. This spans from the time of the Ancient Greeks to the present 21st Century. As of now, the widely accepted theory is the Nebular Theory, which describes how the Solar System started as a large cloud of gas that contracted under

The pictures you see on calendars. The pictures you set as your lock screen. The pictures you buy for your room. A lot of those cool graphic pictures are from galaxies and exploding rocks found in outer space outside of the Milky Way taken by the Hubble Telescope. The Hubble Telescope is a giant telescope that orbits the Earth and is able to see the understanding of what is happening in our universe according to mashable.com. Without the telescope we would not be able to know the things we know now about everything that is going on outside of Earth and outside of the Milky Way. Edwin Hubble created the telescope and the telescope is also named after him because of what he did to help out. He answered a lot of unanswered questions about our universe that no one else has been able to answer. Edwin Hubble is the most

First, it is important to distinguish that the size of the universe gives us a different view of our sky than what may actually be happening in it. In 1929, Edwin Hubble established a law that implies one of the more mind-bending, Star Wars worthy concepts of astronomical study: what we see is not only far, far away, but is also long ago (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/hubble.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.). Light takes so long to travel from even some of the closest objects to our solar system that we are not capable of viewing things in real-time. Objects we see at night may, in fact, be long gone from their regions of the sky.

Edwin Hubble once stated, “we do not know why we are born into this world, but we can try to find out what sort of a world it is.” If Edwin Hubble had never made his discovery, our perspective of the universe would be so much different. Born on November 20, 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, Edwin Hubble was a very bright student. Later in his life, Hubble had observed the stars through multiple telescopes, and had come to the conclusion that there are many more galaxies other than just our Milky Way. Unfortunately, Edwin Hubble died on Se 1953 in San Marino, California. Edwin Hubble made multiple discoveries that all support american astronomy, and remained open to new situations and persisted to innovate ways to overcome the mysteries of space exploration. Hubble completely illuminated the world by extending the observable universe by millions of galaxies, and by benefitting the field of astronomy in a multitude of ways.

Edwin P. Hubble was born on November 20 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri. His parents were Virginia Lee James and John Powell Hubble who was an insurance executive. He had two sisters and two brothers. In 1900 his family moved to Wheaton, Illinois. As a kid, Edwin was a gifted athlete playing basketball, football, baseball, and was on the track and field team in which he won several awards. In 1906, he set the state high school record for the event High Jump in Illinois. Two of his favourite hobbies were fly fishing and boxing. 1907, he attended the University of Chicago where he studied math and astronomy and became a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity. The same year, he led the University of Chicago’s basketball team to

In the 1920’s Hubble determined that there were similar Cepheid stars in nearby galaxies like ones in our own Galaxy. With this discovery, he learned that they were faint and thus far away from Earth. He found a way to measure distance by finding common features that we already knew about in our own galaxy. Hubbles’ discoveries were not perfect since his tools and calibrations were not sophisticated, but his ideas helped to implement early forms of determining distance of objects in our Solar System.

The galaxies and space have been around for thousands and thousands of years, with our own galaxy and solar system only existing for a fraction of that amount of time. Scientists have been fascinated with researching space, the various galaxies, and planets in the solar system to try to understand their complex nature and forms. Certain scientists will gather their research by joining professional institutions that work towards the goal of uncovering and exploring the universe’s secrets. These institutions and scientists conduct their research in a variety of ways, such as sending robots they built to different planets in order to study what the planet’s materials are made out of and what types of weather patterns happen on the different planets. Other scientists can choose a different path where they use their own means to conduct their research, like working in their own private labs or renting equipment to use for the purpose of studying their exact field of scientific interest. Then there are people who didn’t go to school to get an educational degree specializing in science, but have an intense fascination with certain

The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that was launched into space in 1990, April 24th. Its primary function was to take pictures of stars, planets, moons, galaxies, etc. This type of telescope is different from a telescope such as the Hooker Telescope as it is in space, rather than on Earth, and was used for different things. Over the many years that this extraordinary telescope has orbited in space, it has helped scientists with many new discoveries and refined previous theories or beliefs. One of the biggest discoveries this telescope has made is the discovery of galaxies that we did not know of previously because they were so far away. This discovery was very important as it has lead scientists to calculating a more accurate age of the universe. The Hubble Space Telescope made this discovery by observing Cepheid variables, which are stars with the same average brightness. Although, their brightness is essentially the same, the stars would seem either brighter or dimmer depending on its position in relation to Earth. For example, if one Cepheid variable was 100,000 light years away and another Cepheid variable was 200,000 light years away, the second star would seem dimmer as it is further away from the Earth and our perspective makes it look like it is not as bright. Scientists can use this observation to work out around how far away a Cepheid variable, and ultimately a galaxy, is from the Earth. Using this information and the pictures taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists were able to work out a more accurate age of the universe which was around 13.75 billion years old. Without this sort of technology, we wouldn’t know as much about the universe as we do now and we may not have been able to refine our knowledge on the age of the universe. To sum up, the Hubble Space Telescope is an important piece of

Edwin Hubble was born on November 20, 1889 to John and Virginia Lee Hubble in Marshfield, Missouri and he was the 3rd of 8 children in his family. On Hubble’s 8th birthday he was given his first telescope that his grandfather then set up at his house. Around 1901, Hubble and his family moves to Wheaton, Illinois where Hubble then wrote a letter to his grandfather discussing life on Mars. His very pleased grandfather then sent the letter to a newspaper in Springfield, Missouri. Hubble graduated at the age of 16 and received a scholarship to the University of Chicago.

Palomar was launched. At that time, it was the world’s largest and most powerful telescope. According to Dr. Ira S. Bowen, director of observatory, Hale telescope is able to photograph stellar objects that are located billions of light years away from our planet. Data received with this instrument enabled the scientists to significantly expand the limits of their knowledge of the universe. It became obvious that the universe is much larger than astronomers previously thought. The most remote objects that prior telescopes could register were only 109 light years away from the Earth. Notable stellar object 3C-147 was discovered using Hale telescope. Later this object was qualified as a quasar, which is used to describ the most distant nucleus from the earth with high energy. Apparently, this object is located so far away that scientists could not give its accurate distance in light years. However, astronomers stated that 3C-147 has red shift of 54.5%. Cosmological red shift is a physical phenomenon due to the expansion of the universe and the measurement of the red shift gives the approximate distance estimation of a nucleus from the earth. The discovery of such distant object showed that estimates of the size of the universe, made by scientists of the 1920s, were inaccurate. For example, 3C-147 is located outside the Einstein universe since the curvature radius of the universe, estimated by astronomers of the 1920s, was less than the distance to the

The sky has been observed for centuries, with many great minds pioneering the early devices to see beyond our sky and deeper universe. New discoveries about our universe have impacted our lives and research immensely. It could be said that discoveries in the universe don’t impact our life too much here on Earth, but Quantum Mechanics a field of physics which has been utilizing Hubble’s deep space telescopes in the last couple of decades, is the only reason we have modern computers. The main aims to be investigated are; the impacts of the Hubble Space Telescope, why it has been important, the physics behind it, the cost and problems it has faced. All will be researched and analysed throughout this investigation.

     Edwin Hubble’s curiosity about the universe started at youth and has grown. Without this, he would have no desire to study the stars or galaxies. Hubble’s interest in astronomy at the age of eight. On his eighth birthday party he spent the night with his grandfather star gazing (Freidman 16). When he was twelve years old he would ask his parents to seep outside and look at the stars at midnight with his friend Sam Shelton (18). His grandfather asked Hubble an astronomical question, and Hubble answered it so cleverly that his

“The Hubble, has given us nothing less than an ontological awakening, a forceful reckoning with what is the telescope compels the mind to contemplate space and time on a scale just shy of the infinite.” implied Ross Anderson, an engineer. With this one telescope, created by a normal astronomer, scientists and astronomers are able to see space as never seen before. They are able to make mind boggling observations that contemplate space to an infinite scale. Thousands of discoveries about space have been observed through this lense and without the magnitude of high level instruments compiled into this large instrument most of these observations would never have been discovered. As proposed by Floyd E. Bloom a researcher, on izquotes.com, “As

This observation means that it has taken every galaxy the same amount of time to move from a starting position to its current position. This observation is called "Hubble's Law," named after Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) who discovered this in 1929. Edwin Hubble’s evidence supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted. Third, if the universe was insanely hot as the Big Bang suggests, scientists should be able to find some of this heat left over. In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a 2.725 degree Kelvin Cosmic Microwave Background radiation which infuses the observable universe. This is thought to be the remnant that scientists were looking for. Finally, the discovery of great amounts of Helium and Hydrogen lead to support the Big Bang Theory. (LaRocco)