Huldrych Zwingli's Swish Reformation

Along with Lutheranism, another ideology called Calvinism began during the Reformation. Calvinism, run by John Calvin, focused on predestination- the idea where God had already picked his people's destinies when they were young and nothing they did would affect these destinies. A third ideology also came into play during the Reformation called Zwinglism. Run by Zwingli, a German, he began a reform of the Swiss city Zurich, and created the Priesthood of True Believers. Following the new ideologies, the English Reformation began during this time period. The most important change during the English reformation began when Queen Elizabeth took the throne back from Mary and turned the church into a Protestant church. During the Protestant Reformation, Anabaptist sects became present in Europe, and they all believed in the Inner light- a concept of spiritual revelation. Through all of these different factors, the Protestant Reformation marked a change in the way people thought of the church, and changed the Roman

Great ideas come from the least expected places. That's what happened to famous American short story writer O. Henry. He found himself a career by writing in a jail cell. Although this seems like a weird place, many of his famous pieces came from him writing while serving time in jail. O. Henry was famous for his surprise endings and also put a lot of his life experiences into his stories. Two of O. Henry’s stories where he incorporates his life into the most are “A Retrieved Reformation” and “The Gift of the Magi.”

Luther was zealous towards the gospel. He felt strongly about the gospel and felt it was unfair only the upperclassmen and well educated could read and interpret the bible themselves. People should be able to read and interpret God’s word themselves rather than trusting the pope’s interpretations. This was unpopular with the Catholic Church because they felt a loss of control over the masses and common people. What is more is the people of Wittenberg were too unintelligent to understand God’s word and this lead to the translating of the New Testament to German in 1529. It was not long before Luther took it upon himself to translate the Gospel in its entirety to German.

A major 16th century movement initially aimed at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, the Reformation was begun by a German monk named Martin Luther who challenge the Catholic Church’s doctrine by posting his 95 Theses on a church door. He did this because he was appalled that the church was selling indulgences, which were written letters that assured people’s salvation, in order to build a new Basilica in Rome under Pope Leo X. Martin Luther argued that the Bible, not the pope, was the central means to discern God’s word and was the only thing capable of giving salvation.

The protestant reformation was a significant turning point during the 16th century that completely revolutionized the Roman Catholic Church. The “reformation” was launched in 1517 when a German monk by the name of Martin Luther posted his “95 Theses” on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg. The main ideas of this publication was that selling and buying indulgences was wrong and that the pope has no power over purgatory. These 95 revolutionary opinions formed the basis for the protestant reformation which revolutionized western civilization over the next three centuries. Although most people believe these reforms only affected religion, the reformation also impacted political life. Politics played an enormous role in the reformation due to the fact that political rulers wanted to extend their power and control using the church. Throughout the course of the protestant reformation, political authorities such as Emperor Charles V and Henry

Question 1. What are the three "alones" of Reformation theology? How do they relate to one another in Luther's theology? How does Luther's use of them respond to the dominant question of the sixteenth century: How can I know that God is favorable to me?

After the defeat of the Roman Empire in 476, western Europe had grown and changed the world. However, the Catholic church was the defining characteristic that had remained very central and important to European culture. The Protestant reformation during the sixteenth century was sparked by Martin Luther, who was a writer from Germany. He believed that churches were abusing power, because at the time, churches would say things like "sins can be forgiven and people can go to heaven after they die if they contributed money or a donation". Luther stated that no one was in a place to give someone a place in heaven besides god and that churches were being greedy, immoral and hypocritical. He took an advantage of the printing press and its fast growing industry to spread these ideas and information from his book 95 Theses to the public of European countries including Italy, Germany, France and Holland. Lutheran philosophy and teachings helped educate the public, and some of the resulting reforming measures included the closure of monasteries, divisions of church and translation of the holy bible from Latin to different European languages (Drame, lecture notes). John Calvin was another important figure who developed Calvinism in 1530 to spread Lutheran philosophy throughout various European countries. In order to control the "damage" Luther had

433). The opinions of Luther and Zwingli were neither new nor sacrilegious, but were based on belief and the Scripture.

Due to the actions of Huldrych Zwingli the Reformation began to advance throughout the Swiss Conferderation, but several states refused because of the preferred ways of The Catholic Church. Zwingli combined an partnership of the Reformed states to form an alliance that boarded the Swiss Conferderation along religious lines. This then caused an eruptio between the two sides in 1529 causing a war. Simultaneously the ideas of Huldrych Zwingli catched the attention of other Reformers most importantly Martin

The first statement in the passage, “All who consider other teachings equal to or higher than the Gospel err, and they do not know what the Gospel is” reflects the Protestant theology that the Bible is the highest form of authority when making decisions in matters of faith and morals of Christianity. The “Gospel” is the teaching of Christ and this statement conveys that people who believe that teachings other than the teaching of Christ (Bible), are the same as or higher in authority than the Bible, do not know what the Bible and its teachings are. This proves that Zwingli is supporting the belief, of the Bible being the highest form of authority, in his writing.

12. ’98 Compare and contrast the Lutheran Reformation and the Catholic Reformation of the sixteenth century regarding the reform of both religious doctrines and religious practices.

The Lutheran Reformation is particularly associated with the German territories and the pervasive personal influence of one charismatic individual Martin Luther. Luther’s concern was the doctrine of justification, which formed his central point of his religious thoughts. The Lutheran Reformation was initially an academic movement, concerned primarily with reforming the teaching of theology at the University of Wittenberg (McGrath 2007). The Lutheran began in 1822 this happen after Luther’s return to Wittenberg from his enforced isolation in Wartburg. Luther was condemned for “false doctrine” by the Diet of Worms in 1512 (Noll 2000).

“We could keep on arguing for a hundred years and it wouldn’t get us anywhere! Until you can get rid of my verse I will not admit defeat.” (Documents on the Continental Reformation, p.97) When people are liberated with the power to think for themselves and own their own ideas, differences in opinion will occur. When we look at the Protestant Reformation we will see that key individuals such as Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli, even though they are protesting similar things, develop differences upon the way, especially in the way they interpret Scripture. These differences, in any movement, will ultimately affect the outcome and the development of the Protestant movement that started in 1517 with Luther. This essay aims to examine these differences between Luther and Zwingli and find out how the Protestant movement was affected by their differing opinions. Firstly, Luther and Zwingli’s reformations will be observed individually and what they each stood for and then we will discuss their major differences and the influence they had on the Protestant movement.

The Reorganization in Switzerland at first created in Zurich under the authority of the minister Ulrich Zwingli. Zwingli had been affected by Erasmus and by Christian humanism. He landed at an outreaching comprehension of Christianity from his investigation of the Book of scriptures and from contacts with Lutherans. On Jan. 1, 1519, he started a 6-year arrangement of sermons on the New Confirmation that moved the city committee and the populace of Zurich toward change. The ideal reaction to The Sixty-Seven Articles, which he arranged for open controversy with an ecclesiastical delegate in 1523, demonstrated the prevalence of his system. He required the annulment of the Mass (and its substitution by a typical Ruler's Dinner), autonomy from episcopal

So what could the next Reformation be? There are many opinions of what this Second Reformation will look like. William Beckham in his book “The Second Reformation,” believes that the cell group movement will be the next Reformation. Speaking of the cell church Beckham says, “This is where love, community, relationships, ministry, and evangelism spring up naturally and powerfully. Therefore, the life of the church is in the Cells not in a building. The church is a dynamic, organic, spiritual being that can only be lived out in the lives of believers in community.” Beckham believe that the original model of the reformed church was broken. Luther’s Reformation was a discovery of spiritual truths in objection to the Catholic Church and their view of authority and scripture. Luther gave us no outlet for individual ministry or community life. Beckham believes that the Second Reformation will be a departure from organized denominational structures to a more organic, grassroots model of church that is best expressed in cell churches.