“Accounting is said to be as old as any organized human activity. Dating back to Babylon and Humaraby’s book of law, over Greece and Rome and further on through history, there has always been a need to record events referring to purchase and sale, payment and collection. Such recording originally generated bookkeeping, which at the level of development of production forces was primarily in function of trade and banking. Its further development was according to changes in organization of business activity (Andrijasevic, n.d.).” According to Novicevic and Antic (1999), “until the 70s enterprises in West countries carried out their business in protected competitive conditions.” However, in today’s global economy, markets have become universal, with organizations viewing the world as a platform for carrying out their diverse trades’. To compete successfully in the global market, organizations/ businesses need to prioritize customer satisfaction parameters during business operations. To achieve this, they must concentrate on key success factors such as; costs efficiency, quality, cycle time, and innovativeness. “Quality has become one of the key competitive variables generating the need for evaluation of spending resources needed for the given level of quality by which the company can expect and achieve competitive advantage on the market (Gajic, 2005).”
The improvement of quality requires the engagement of each player in the business arena, from the senior management to the
Around the year 1897 Edward Morel noticed something that would change the way the modern world viewed the colonization of Africa and the supposed “humanitarian” work there forever (Hochschild 1). Morel worked for an English shipping company that was responsible for cargo going between the Congo Free State and Belgium. What Morel noticed was that ships from Africa were filled with rich, exotic goods like rubber and ivory, but the ships headed to Africa from Belgium were filled with military members and various firearms and ammunition (Hochschild 2). Morel made the conclusion that the cause of this odd “trade” between Europe and Africa was slave labor. European colonization of Africa was a slow, arduous process resulting in the deaths of
Senior leadership must determine and direct the level of quality that is acceptable within the organization. Leadership should prioritize areas of quality and use data based on benchmarks from other facilities. (Dlugacz, 2006). In addition the author states there are some important areas that must be monitored for quality. Compliance must be followed by leaders and all
To over view the knowledge we learnt from accounting theory and practice, the main thing I can conclude that is the tendency of accounting will shift away from technical way to people’s behaviour way. By understanding what should do, we should ask why and how we could improve and change it into a better way. This essay aims to explain how the theoretical material that we learn in lectures can be developed under a real practical manner.
During the last 'few decades there has been a dramatic change in the business and technological environment, specially due to the increased use of new manufacturing practices and technologies such as Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM) and Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CM). Consequently, it is argued that management accounting systems have to change in response to the needs of this new environment (Bruggeman and Slagmulder, 1995). However, in the recentpast accountants in Western countries, particularly
This text is still relevant to business today because it had the most basic processes for accounting some that are still used today; it is very outdated but nonetheless still quite useful
No matter what your business is, the number one thing that drives a firm to success is quality products or service. Growing sales is easier when quality remains consistent. Improving quality will raise your employees’ engagement because people like being on a high-performance team. Here is a list of five tips to improve:
Edmund Spenser in his epic romance, The Faerie Queene, invents and depicts a wide array of female figures. Some of these women, such as Una and Caelia, are generally shown as faithful, virtuous and overall lovely creatures. Other feminine characters, such as Errour, Pride, and Duessa are false, lecherous and evil. This might seem to be the end of Spenser's categorization of women; that they are either good or bad. Yet upon closer examination one finds that Spenser seems to be struggling to portray women more honestly, to depict the "complex reality of woman" (Berger, 92). Spenser does not simply "idealize women or the feminine viewpoint" as he could easily do
Societal values and culture affects a company 's accounting system because it pertains to the comprehensive changes in the technology, process, ideas, commodities, and services that are more effective to the use of the society particularly to bring out positive impact to improve the business process, infrastructures, government, technologies, and all other vital parts of a certain nation. In this manner, the presence of innovation represents positive transformation that improves the quality of life for the humanity for attaining their goals successfully in a specific period of time specifically across combined companies. Business perspective, globalization is an effective process because it helps all kinds of public and private institutions have the capability of transforming innovations into economic materials that are essential to improve the integrity of the operating enterprise. In the
The Burns and Scapens framework for analyzing managerial accounting change was built on the study of old institutional economics, which sees "economics as a process of social provision, subject to multiple and cumulative causation." This view culminates in a model that argues that the managerial accounting practices at institutions are subject to a process of constant change, influenced by routines and rules. The institutions contribute to these routines and rules, but so do actions on the part of managers within the institutions. By combining multiple influences over time, we arrive at modern managerial accounting practice. In other words, Burns and Scapens tells us that managerial accounting practice changes over time, influenced by a number of factors including rules, routines and actions.
Bromwich draws on economic theories. He stated that we need to release “management accounting from the factory floor” to assist it to meet the global challenges in product markets, and to allow management accountants to focus on the firm’s value-added relative to competitors. There are two key themes captured in this paper.
Management accounting is a political technology, constantly evolving to meet demands of stakeholders of a company and to facilitate competitive advantage. A management accountant acts as a tool to devise and implement strategies. Pre-1920, decision-making processes were executed using strictly financial instruments such as cost profit analysis. “The growth of modern corporation, between 1880 and 1925 provided stimulus for development in innovative management accounting practices” (Kaplan, 1984). Due to the prominence of the world trade organisation and international monetary fund, trade barriers have
The first big factor of this change is globalization. Defined as the convergence of many markets around the world from different points to allow for further trade and the development of an organization’s international influence and operations on an international scale. “In a narrower sense, it refers to the economic exchange of goods and services internationally and international financial flows.” It’s had a massive effect on the amount of regulations and standards that accountants and businesses now must apply by. Globalization has also had an effect on the very concept of accounting. Globalization has brought about an increase in competition and timeliness that warrants for faster information gathering. This means that management accountants no longer just play the role of information provider but also the role of resource manager through costing analysis and using that information in the decision-making process.
The business environment appears to get smaller with each passing day. Therefore, accountants face troubles in remaining protected from the progressions that occur around the world (Diaconu and Coman 2006). Globalization hint at the regularly changing procedure of incorporation and connection among governments, individuals and organizations. The key three things that declare incorporate globalization venture, worldwide exchange and data innovation (Diaconu and Coman 2006). Globalization moves the world to another level and places it to more at the leading edge statures reliably. Outstandingly, globalization procedure have both negative and constructive effects on accounting (Godfrey and Chalmers 2007). This is unmistakable as in,
Improving Quality means reducing bad quality and improving the work efficiency of the work in organisation. Company require to maintain the quality which is directly depending on the quality procedure followed by the employees and implemented by the management to improve overall product quality of a company.
Accounting is the language of business. It is a profession that is being guided by principles, concepts, conventions, laws, etc. All these fundamental building blocks serve as common and general compasses to all practitioners of the profession. In some cases, they are nation-wide tailored, while in other cases, they are universally tailored. Accounting as a living, practical, dynamic and realistic profession covers so many areas of social, economic (business), and governmental activities. Surely, any endeavour that involves monetary and material activities create a room for the services of Accounting. Many of the human endeavours for which the accounting profession plays significant (some times inevitable) roles include; Banking, Insurance, Manufacturing, Farming Contracting, Oil and Gas, Mining, Transportation (Air, Land and Sea), Educational Institutions, Churches, Ministries, ICT, Hire Purchase, Local Government Authorities, Estate Businesses, Export and Import Businesses, Bill of Exchange Transactions, Royalties Transactions, Consignment Transactions, Stock Market Transactions, Sports, Entertainment, Hospitals and Hospitality Industry, etc.