Human And Microbial Components Of The Human Body Essay

There are three types of environments in which cells are located which include isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic. In an isotonic environment, the amount of water and solute are the same both inside and outside of the cell. As water drifts into the a cell, the same amount flows out creating a balanced environment both inside and outside of the cell. When there is a high level of water on the outside of the cell and a high amount of solute inside the cell, water will be drawn inside of the cell creating a hypotonic solution. The increase in water inside the cell causes the cell to become engorged and erupt. In a

In the article, "The Ultimate Social Network," Jennifer Ackerman presented data to challenge the first thoughts that people are independent, depending just on the human body to control interior capacities. She stated that the adjustments in the human microbiome are contributing to higher rates of obesity and autoimmune system disorders, prompting it to address regardless of whether we are in charge of our own body.

The gut microbiota is extremely diverse – consisting of over 1,000 identified unique species of bacteria. It is indeed difficult to wrap one’s head around it – despite bacteria being microscopically small, and having an undetectable mass, the bacteria of the gut in a human can weigh over 2 pounds! This incredibly diverse mass of bacteria is also mostly unique on an individual basis – over 70% of the bacteria per gut are unique to each person [1]. Thus, the gut microbiota of each individual can effectively function as a unique source of identity.

The way the human body has perfectly adapted to survive in this world is beyond miraculous, it is made up of many diverse systems which work together to keep us alive and healthy without us being physically aware of what processes are taking place inside us. Moreover survival and the combat of illnesses present in the human body is solely reliant on the biomedical sciences, which has fuelled my desire to expand my knowledge of life on a wider, biological level and to pursue a career in biomedical science.

There are 10 microbial cells in the gut for every 1 human cells. When the human genome was sequences 25, 000 genes were identified. Compared to that there are 3.8 unique microbial gens in the human body. Humans are 99.9 % similar in our geneome but are only 60%

In this experiment, I hypothesized the women’s restroom soap dispenser will contain more microorganisms, rather than the student’s hallway bench. The Microorganisms are very tiny organisms that travels through the cell caused by archaea and protists bacteria that appears in the human body. For example, Microbes appears thorough our skin, mouth and into the air. It is not visible for you to touch, feel, or see. These tiny organisms can contribute to worse conditions. The worse conditions cab be spread, directly or indirectly to certain cancers, bowel syndrome, asthma, and autism (Campbell 2015). Also, microbes changes can effect on how we eat, live, and move around in the human body. Microorganisms reflect the changes of the environment

The diversity of microbes that each of us hosts is as individual as a fingerprint and yet easily transformed by diet and our

Dr. Jeffrey I. Gordon is a researcher that works out of his lab at Washington University in St. Louis called the Centre for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology and investigates with mice and germs (The Gordon Lab, 2014). He has received many degrees such as his medical doctorate degree and many different prizes for his works in medicine (The Gordon Lab, 2014). He has many different honours from the Washington University and St. Louis University (The Gordon Lab, 2014). Gordon has conducted numerous experiments that include his 478 peer-reviewed publications and numerous collaborations with other researchers and scientists (The Gordon Lab, 2014). Gordon’s major contributions to the scientific community are very useful as much of what is known today about the stomach micro biome is mostly from Dr. Gordon’s experiments (Washington University, 2014). Dr. Gordon is also honoured and praised for his discovery that links nutritional health to the inner working of tens of trillions of microbes residing within the gut (Washington University, 2014). In one of Gordon’s peer reviewed publications called Molecular Analysis of Commensal Host-microbial Relationships in the Intestine, Gordon investigates how little microbes can adapt and shape out physiology. Gordon implanted human microbes from the gut into mice and observed the results (Gordon et al., 2005). He discovered that the microbes modulated the genes and the mice had developed many

In an unfortunate event, a child may end up in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with sever to life threatening ailments. What most people don’t realize is that these children, on average, show signs of weakened immune system and a decrease in their bacteria diversity, also known as their microbiome health. According to a Pennsylvania researcher, Matthew Rogers and his associates, there is evidence that the diversity of critically ill children is far lower when compared to a healthy child. The larger the diversity of your microbiome, the healthier a person is believed to be, which could account for a correlation between a decreasing microbiome diversity and an increase in disease risk.

In this study, the authors sought to examine the impact of certain gut microbes on body composition and metabolism. It has been previously reported that the microbial community composition is more similar between related individuals. Thus, the authors of this study used both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs that were “discordant” for obesity in that one of them was classified as obese while the other one was not, as a model for studying the correlation between gut microbiota and obesity and associated disorders. To do this, human fecal`microbes from each member of one of four discordant twin pairs was transplanted into mice that were germ-free. The authors also investigated which microbial taxa were more invasive, as well as the relationship between the phenotype of the host and invasiveness. They also examined how a human diet can impact on invasion and microbial niche. In order to examine this, mice that were coprophagic, meaning they consume fecal matter, were housed together.

Life on this planet began with microorganisms. Through millions of years microorganisms have found ways to successfully adapt and survive. These adaptations have created a wide biodiversity, allowing them to basically populate in all places. Why are these microbes so important? Because they shape the history of our world. Some microbes can be deathly to humans while some others are favorable, for example, bacteria that lives in the gut of both humans and animals and helps during the process of digestion (Alfred Brown & Heidi Smith, 2006). Understanding these interactions help scientists to find ways to protect humans from potential deathly pathogens. In order to observe microbes, microscope proficiency and microorganisms’ identification are crucial skills in a microbiology lab. During this laboratory session, samples of environmental and human organisms were inoculated into two different rich media and incubated to their according temperature. After this, appropriate use and calibration of the microscope was performed. Lastly, morphology and size of different species of bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoan were recorded.

The metabolic network of over 750 microbes was analyzed using specialized statistical techniques, with the intention of identifying the evolutionary principles that made these organisms unique and helped them survive the hostile environment, that is the human gut. Following this, redundant pathways (like the fatty acid-synthesis pathway) were identified from across the organisms, and the concerned organisms were subjected to further scrutiny. An attempt was also made to classify the organisms based on the similarity of their lethal genes. A few other interesting results are currently being investigated, and a journal publication is expected to happen within the next few

However, the current focus of microbial ecology is on characterizing simple community properties such as alpha & beta diversity, relative abundance, and phylogenetic or taxonomic overlap (Baberan, Casamayor & Fierer, 2011). Here, we aim to move past species inventories and abundance data towards understanding species interactions using a network approach, allowing us to characterize the ubiquitous building blocks of pharynx community common to all subjects of our study. Like macro-communities, fundamental ecological processes such as niche selection, dispersal or drift, play part in the formation and stability of the human microbiome. By using microbial communities as model systems, characterizing their ecological properties, assembly mechanisms and community dynamics, we can gain deeper

With further sophistication and refinement, humans maybe able to develop immunities to most, and hopefully all, of the diseases that have plagued humans since the dawn of human existence and maybe even achieve immortality through biologically engineered cells that enable regeneration. This possibility of escaping death, a fundamental element of the natural order, and of a continued, human-directed path of evolution will force humanity to reinvent itself to fit the newly gained abilities that are once thought to be only possible in science fiction and fantasies.

Let’s now imagine if we can create personal microbiomes that would scan and repair damaged tissue, consume nutrients and evacuate waste to sustain our bodies! Think of this as a form of edited biology. Speculate about the future of our race in a new age of symbiosis between our bodies, microbes, our products and even our living space. This is called material ecology that can be found in nature and applied on by bioprinting.