Human Cloning- Term Paper

Therapeutic cloning, unlike reproductive, is a lot more productive than harmful. The stem cells created from therapeutic cloning will have the potential to turn into many different types of body cells. Stem cells can replace worn out or damaged tissues and is an alternative to organ donation. It is less likely to result in rejection by the recipient because the tissue would be made from the recipients own genetic material. Like stated previously, therapeutic cloning does not involve the creation of a live human being.

Animal cloning started without the world even knowing. First, an animal clone is “an exact physical copy of one ‘parent’” (Newman 12). “Animal cloning experiments began in the 1960’s. Frogs were the first subjects. By 1987 scientists had begun cloning cows and other mammals” (Newman 12). Dolly the sheep was the first big cloning success, credited to Ian Wilmut in 1996 (Praded 21). This sheep was a scientific breakthrough, but it also caused many people to question the intents of scientists. Many people wondered if scientists would clone humans next. The original intent of animal cloning was not for the food industry. The reason animal cloning started was to find a way to help cure currently untreatable diseases (“Why Do Scientists Clone?”). By cloning cells, scientists will be able to manipulate the cells to become something new.

Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep 's and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. ("Cloning Fact Sheet").

Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Cloning originally started in the year of 1885, when a German scientist named Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch began researching reproduction. The process of producing a clone began a hundred years ago. There’s many different types of clones such as, natural clones, molecular clones, organism clones and even therapeutic clones. The first organism cloned was a salamander created by Hans Adolf. Years later, Robert Briggs and Thomas Joseph King clones a frog. Then, there was a famous organism cloned by the of name Dolly, who was the first animal sheep cloned. In order to understand the creation of life one must

As mentioned earlier, cloning is the copying of an organism that results in identical offspring (“Cloning”). Scientists have tried cloning many times on frogs and other organisms (“Cloning”), but when the first mammal to be cloned was successful in 1997, scientists jumped into pools of thoughts to clone humans. The first mammal to be cloned was a sheep named Dolly. The process of cloning Dolly was called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. The nucleus of a somatic stem cell is taken out of the eggs of the

Cloning is the production of an organism with genetic material identical to that of another organism. The word cloning comes from the Greek work klon, meanings “twig,” involves the production of genetically identical animals by a process of nuclear transfer. On July 5th, 1996, at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, a scientific breakthrough occurred when Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep, was born. (Seidel, 682) “We transfered 29 eggs into a recipient and only one of them became a live lamb. So you can see it’s a very exciting and encouraging result. The efficiencies are poor and there’s a need for a lot more research.”(npr.org) Where it is a controversial subject, the cloning of dolly the sheep affected the world in a positive way and helped advance medical research in finding cures for diseases.

Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the potential to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans and animals. The question no longer seems to be if we will clone humans, but when? Somewhere, sometime, a human clone will be born. This fact has exploded the world into a global debate. Will large armies of soldiers be raised to fight our wars? Or perhaps we will create a race of slaves to do our dirty work. Cloning is becoming more credible and concrete idea rather than a bizarre dream that would never come true. The process of cloning inevitably involves throwing away fertilized embryos. At the current stage of development, many of the embryos selected to live fail to develop and eventually die before

Cloning, can be beneficial to human society. Theres many types of cloning but, the one that benefits society today is known as therapeutic cloning. Therapeutic cloning, is the removal of a nucleus, which contains the genetic material, from virtually any cell of the body usually from the skin and its transferred by injection it into an unfertilized egg from which the nucleus has also been removed. Creating an identical DNA. By, having a cloned DNA it can help understand genetic diseases. The cells created it can later be used transplanted into the patients to treat a diseases from which the patient suffers.

When cloning was first introduced, it had the potential for therapeutic cloning which can help transplant new modified stem cells into patients to help treat serious conditions. According to Susan Solomon in her TED Talk The Promise of Research with Stem Cells, she explains that cloning stem cells can have the potential to improve drug discovery as well as serve as a modeling disease. With the cloning of the stem cells, we can prevent certain diseases from happening because we can use stem cells as test subjects to learn how certain diseases spread. Not only that, there have been more evidence on how stem cells can be used because according to the article “Cloning used to make stem cells from adult humans,”

Cloning organs could save one 's life and lower the number of names on the transplant waiting list. Transplants are tricky since the body can reject the organ, which is known as an organ rejection. However, with therapeutic cloning, the stem cells can become another part of the cell and can be found inside an embryo or the umbilical cord of a baby. This could create an organ specifically made for a patient using the stem cells from their body and reduce the risk of organ rejection. (16)

Cloning is the process of creating a copy of something. In genetics cloning refers to the process of making an identical copy of the DNA of an organism. Human cloning is basically making a person exactly like the other, same exact features and characteristics etc. There are three different types of cloning and they are Recombinant DNA Technology or DNA cloning, Reproductive cloning, and Therapeutic cloning. Cloning can cause many problems to the animal that is being cloned making it impossible for them to live a normal life.

Therapeutic cloning can also be called embryo cloning. (Human Genome Project Information page 3). In therapeutic cloning, the resultant embryo would grow for about fourteen days and the stem cells would be extracted into a human tissue or a complete human. Then the embryo would be implanted in a woman’s womb and developed in to a new human whose DNA is the same to the original individual. (Robinson, B.A Therapeutic cloning how it is done Possible Benefits page 1). The goal of therapeutic cloning is not to so much create cloned human beings but to harvest stem cells that can be used to generate any type of specialized cell in the human body. Problems can also come from programming errors in the genetic material from a donor cell. (Human Genome Project Information page 3).

Human cloning is the process of taking an emptied human embryo and inserting the human DNA or the DNA of any living creature. After all this the embryo will grow and form as if it were in the womb and conceived normally. Human cloning is not just some make believe idea, it is here. Human cloning can save countless lives through stem cell research or by finding cures for diseases. Human cloning is not just cloning people depending on the cells in the embryo the embryo will grow to become those selected cells; like stem cells.

Imagine a future where humans are manufactured, a future where humans are created by science, a future where humans are the new lab specimen. Human cloning is like opening Pandora's Box, unleashing a torrent of potential evils but at the same time bringing a small seed of hope. No matter how many potential medical and scientific benefits could be made possible by human cloning, it is unethical to clone humans.

Although we cannot clone a human yet, this experiment occurred almost two years ago and triggered almost an ethical emergency. Evidence from these experiments got strange reactions from the public. Shannon Brownlee claims, "The Vatican condemned the technology of this experiment as being perverse; one German magazine called the research `unscrupulous'" (24). This experiment opened the possibilities of cloning to society and, even though it was unsuccessful, led people to ask themselves what they would do if cloning were to happen. Common answers to the puzzling questions about humans and cloning are still trying to be