Human Development Research Paper

Some of the psychological effects are paranoia, depression, or suicidal thoughts. Some physical effects are rapid heartbeat, sleepiness, HIV, hepatitis from sharing needles, and respiratory problems. “Once you get started, it can be very hard to stop”. (Calabria et al., 2010, as cited in Cooner & Mitterer, 2016, p. 181). For example, I know someone that decided to try marijuana for the first time. What he did not know was the person had put cocaine in with it. After trying it that first time he did eventually become addicted to drugs and he even started doing heroin. Drugs affect three parts of the brain the cortex, limbic system, and the brain stem. Drug addiction affects the way the brain communicate and the way neurons send, receive, and process information. “Addictive drugs increase dopamine activity.” (Boyd, Harris, & Knight, 2012, as cited in Cooner & Mitterer, 2016, p.

There are no two individuals that are completely alike, people vary by hair color, height, skin tone, gender and other endless possibilities. The reason for these variations can be traced back to our genetic make-up. A person as 23 pairs of chromosomes and each of these chromosomes carry one molecule of DNA. DNA itself is made up of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, then, these chemical compounds wrap around each other to form a double helix. These chromosomes contain around 20,500 genes and even with such a large number our variations are caused by less than 1% of our genes according to the Human Genomes Project in 2003. These variations also come from genotypes and phenotypes. A genotype is the complete set of genes that make a person’s hereditary, whereas, a phenotype are psychological, behavioral, and psychological features that result from the interaction between genes and the environment.

Intimacy versus isolation is stage six in Erik Ericksons eight stages of human development. This stage takes place from approximately 19-40 years of age (Orlofsky, Marcia, & Lesser, 1973). The big question that people face in this stage is will I be loved or will I be alone. During this stage people start to develop more long term relationships. Friendship, dating, marriage and family play a big role in the happiness of this stage. This is when we leave the people that we grew up with and start our own lives. By establishing

1. What are the three basic dimensions of human development according to the United Nations, and what is one example of a statistic that offers insight into each of these three dimensions?

What makes one individual different from the other? Many have attempted to answer this question- from ancient philosophers and theologists to modern day scientists. Regardless of whether the individual concerned is a cell or a whole organism, the answer is said to lie in the nature vs. nurture debate. Thus arose another, related question- How do individuals with extremely similar blueprints develop an astounding amount of differences? Biological research attempting to settle the debate for once and for all has found that differences amongst a cohort of individuals is established by an interplay of both- genetics (nature) and various environmental influences (nurture).

Many human development specialists have examined memory loss of adults later in life. During the past fifty years, there have been many studies in children’s cognitive development and earlier childhood memory loss. Ernest G. Schachtel conducted studies on why people forget childhood memories as they grow older. He described the processes that could be involved in early memory loss (Crain, 2005). He was influenced by Sigmund Freud’s cognitive theory (Crain, 2005). Lev S. Vygotsky, however, described children’s early memory development as a holistic process that involved society, physiological, cultural, and economical environments. (Vygotsky,

Our world is made up of a variety of different people; no two people are the same. We may share similarities with someone but we are never exactly the same. Different factors play a role in our development. I think that together our genetics and environment together effect our behavior has humans. I don’t think one has more influence over the other. We become who we are and how we act with the combination of both.

John has lived a long life and currently lives with his wife, Mary, in Pennsylvania. John’s children are now grown and they too have children of their own. That being said, he has three grandchildren. He is currently only taking methadone as a treatment for his past drug addiction, but other than that he is not on any prescription drugs. John is quite healthy; however, he still struggles with his disability. His hip replacement is wearing and he may have to have another surgery, but because of his age it is a risk. Even though he lives with a disability, he does not require a nurse and can still walk around, though only with a cane. It is clear that John’s life has been quite eventful and he has faced several hardships along the way. However, good things have come into his life and he has lived, and currently still lives, a very happy life.

Each person has approximately 100,000 billion cells in their body (Hartwell, Hunt, & Nurse, 2001) and each of these cells has a nucleus. In each cell’s nucleus there are chromosomes that are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that make up of strands of genes and the genes are the coding or blue print of all our traits and features. One set of genes come from a person’s mother while the other set come from the persons father. The genes determine traits and features a person has such as eye color, hair color, and being able to roll your tongue. The set of genes that are inherited from each parent can either be dominant or recessive (Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M., 2013). Dominate traits can be inherited from just one parent while recessive

The different events and social behaviors that different animals were exposed to in infancy effected their physiology and behavior and those effects were far reaching and long lasting, following them for the rest of their lives. Experiences and environmental factors cause epigenetic changes to genes, but the influence is even further reaching that that. Epigenetic influences even occur in utero, the mother passes on more than her genetic material. The fetus’s epigenetics are influenced by the experiences of the mother during pregnancy, things like the mother’s diet and stress levels can influence her offspring later in life. We are all born into different circumstances and situations. Location and socioeconomic status vary greatly among the human population. The influence that epigenetic factors have on how our genes are expressed can be helpful to aide in how we navigate our own lives in relation to the specific set of circumstances we are born into. The way our genes are influenced by out mother (during pregnancy) can aid us in adapting to the specific “world” we are born

The idea that our genetic code controls most aspects of our lives is arguable. Nowadays, scientists (cell biologists, neuroscientists, etc.) are uncovering concrete evidence that are genetic code is only one of the many complex system of the human body that sways our lives. According to one new study, (“Do

Human development is an essential aspect in early childhood education. This essay is going to discuss the theories of three human development theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory is concerned with family, cultural and social influences and all the other environmental elements. Bowlby’s Attachment theory and Stages of attachment and Ainsworth’s “Strange Situation” research which breaks down attachment into three types are related to the relationship between adults and children. These theories are all associated with socio-cultural theory, which is throughout the New Zealand early childhood curriculum Te whariki (Ministry of Education, 1996).

The human development theory that I believe best explains and gives insight into Kate’s reasons for alcoholism is Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial life-span development theory, it explains human development in eight stages and gives us insight into Kate’s ongoing struggle and insight into her problems. A reminder that Erikson makes for all those using his theory is that each one of his stages in human development is not a set-in stone theory, but to be used as a general guide. Erikson’s explains that when one is working through the stages there will be many conflicts and opportunities. Whether, the development is through internal work and gain, external work and gain, or plain losses, environmental forces affect and complicate an otherwise simple pattern of progressive growth (Nugent, p.67). Erikson believes that each crisis depends on the interactions between the individual and the social environment as family and culture construct it. “What is won can later be lost- and re-won” said Erickson, adding that the body is not determined by one thing, but by many things which is great news for Kate. According to his theory, children who do not resolve their first stage of trust vs mistrust will have problems trusting in adulthood and will have negative effects on the dynamics of the next stage. Let’s look at Kates situation, when she was an infant feeling of trust should have been inculcated within her, but since this never occurred mistrust took place in the first year of her life.

There are three foundations of human development. The foundations are the biological development, psychological development, and social development. The concept of human diversity and cultural competences demonstrates how different people can be. General systems theory and social order are connected in some way.

Heredity is one of the powerful factors that contribute to the formation of human personality. It influences man’s social behavior too too. It is through the process of heredity that children normally get some of the physical and psychological characteristics of their parents. Heredity refers to the biological process of transmission of certain biological and psychological characteristics from parents to their children through what are known as genes. Human society is not only dynamic but also diverse. Differences are found between societies and between societies and within the same society among the peoples and groups. In fact, society is based on the principle of difference.