Human Factors in Aviation

There are many aircraft accident factors in which investigators need to pursue in order to come to a good conclusion on what the cause or causes of an aircraft accident were. A portion of what the investigator looks into is the human factors surrounding the accident. This highly diverse and expansive area needs to be systematically looked into to figure out if any human factors were causation of an aircraft accident. One model that investigators utilize in order to sift through the human factors that may be attributable to an accident is the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) Model. This Model breaks down human factors into four different sections, organizational influences, unsafe supervision, preconditions for unsafe acts, and unsafe acts of operators. Throughout this case study, the accident of American Airlines flight 1420 will be dissected utilizing the HFACS Model to uncover human factors issues with the aircraft operator organization, aircraft flight crew, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

4.What comes out of the eyes during visual perceptive processes? What evidence supports your answer?

Phase 2: Retina is placed in the back side of the eye and it has to „collaborate“ with cornea and lens in order to provide an image for

Flight Chief of the Engineering Project Management flight. Provided leadership to a dynamic team of 13+ engineers, project managers, technicians, and Company Grade Officers (CGOs). Collectively responsible for the system availability enabling over 10,000 training and OT&E sorties a year including 4+ Air Launch Cruise Missile tests.

The most effected part of the eye is the optic nerve. The optic nerve's main purpose is to connect the retina and the brain, as to send what the human is seeing to the brain to process the visual information. The optic nerve contains more than one billion nerve fibers which each give off their own electrical impulses to send the visual information to the occipital lobes in the brain. The occipital lobe then processes the information which it receives.

“The human being is set apart from all other animals by an intelligent, reasoning mind. Another quality that humans seem to possess is an inherent drive to utilize that mind to achieve to recognize challenges and to attempt conquer them” (Smith, 1992, p. 1). One of my favorite person that I used to read about in high school was Benjamin Franklin; one of the founding Father of the United States of America and the master mind behind the invention of electricity. As stated in the words of Smith, the curiosity of Franklin lead him to discover how electricity works. This same driven factor of human mind was what led the Wrights Brother to invent and fly the first power aircraft. The four forces that are acting on an aircraft in flight are: Lift, Weight, Thrust and Drag.

The movement of millions of passengers over distances thought impossible decades ago is symbolic of the modern air transportation era that is characterized by speed, comfort and personal convenience. The commerce of aviation, both the operation of commercial aircraft for profit and the development of aeronautical systems, is also an important symbol of national prestige and a powerful economic force. Safety in air transportation is therefore a matter of significant national importance.

The Qantas Airways is the largest airline in Australia. Its Human Resource Management operates in the company in four major areas, which are business segments, corporate, shared services, development, and learning. This report gives limelight to the Qantas airways HRM and its role in ensuring perfect operations of the company. It further discusses change management and job analysis and design. The company has undergone intensive change management such as cutting of prices and labor costs in order to ensure high productivity, moderation of wages as well as the introduction of flexible structures through a versatile and motivated workforce. Moreover, the HRM is also responsible of ensuring that right people are hired and

Since the dawn of aviation in the United States Navy, training aircraft have played an integral role in the progression of both the aviation program and the pilot’s making the system run smoothly. These planes can not only be seen as stepping stones in a pilot’s aviation timeline, but can also be viewed through history as landmarks on the evolution of the Naval Aviation program as a whole. The shifts in technology and needs of the program can be seen when the history of the multitude of training aircraft is analyzed.

The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) going on strike displayed Reagan's firm action that is unprecedented. Giving the workers an ultimatum sent a very strong signal to the union workers. It helped to reduce illegal work stoppages against the federal government drastically. Furthermore, and most importantly, it strengthened the power of the presidency and executive because Reagan exercised his removal power by firing most of the air traffic controllers who went on strike. The action taken marked a turning point in U.S. labor relations and also highlighted that the legal right of workers to organize and bargain collectively is, for lack of a better term, non-existent.

c) Figure 5 illustrates the main results of Experiment 2, displaying the probability of fixation over time in milliseconds for the target, cohort competitor, and the average of the distractors. The trends in the

The human eye is arguably one of the greatest innovations in nature. The eye is used to visibly see objects and their surroundings. Human eyes are tuned to see the visible spectrum of light. This is in the wavelength ranges of 38010-9 meters to 75010-9 meters (Young 1054). But, as with anything, the eye is prone to defects and problems. An understanding behind the structure of the eye helps to understand the most common defect with eyes, myopia and hyperopia. Luckily both of these defects are able to be corrected with the use of corrective lenses.

The cornea, a section of the protective and supportive part of the eye, refracts light to make it focus more on the center of the iris. In the center of the iris is an opening known as the pupil. (Mcdevitt) The iris also regulates light intake by reducing or increasing the size of the pupil. Behind the pupil is the lens of the eye. The lens keeps the light the eye is receiving focused on a specific point on the retina called the fovea. (Starr) The retina is the area in the back of the eye where all of the photoreceptors are located, neuro receptors that are sensitive to light. The fovea is the part of the retina that has the highest preponderance of photoreceptors. (Sung) The lens of the eye also integrates information by determining where the eye is focused. In order to keep the light that bounces off of an object focused on the fovea, the lens must change shape based on distance. The shape of the lens is controlled by a group of ligaments called the ciliated bodies. When the ciliated bodies tenses it causes the lens to be more round allowing the eye to focus on light coming from objects closer to the eye. When the ciliary body relaxes it allows the lens to become more flat allowing the eye to focus on objects further away. (Sung) All of the processes of the eye mentioned up to this point do not directly cause transduction; however they are another illustration of the way that the body performs integration of sensory

The function of the optic nerve is to carry afferent impulse from the eye to the brain for vision. This is how to identify different things being looked at. The other three nerves which are motor mainly responsible for eye movements and focus. The oculomotor nerve helps direct the eyeball, which is done by the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique muscles. The levator pappebrea helps raises upper eyelids. Motor fibers of the sphincter pupillae, which are the muscles of the iris cause the pupil to contract. The ciliate muscles controls the shape of the lens for visual focusing. The trochlear nerves function is to provide movement of the eye. The last nerve is the abducens nerve which controls the movement of the latercu rectus muscle in the eye. Knowing the function of the nerves that control the eye will allow the finding out the issues that is occurring with Zoe's eye. From Zoe's examination, it was learned that she has misalignment of the eyes which causing problems focusing. If Zoe's is having problems forcing then her oculomotor nerve could be

The scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and other methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.