Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )

Did you know “AIDS is the leading cause of death in Africa” (Quinn, online). Twenty percent of Africa’s population has died from AIDS. Poverty is a big problem in Africa. Men have been forced to become migrant workers in urban areas. And antiretroviral treatment at this time is not available to African people. AIDS is a big problem in Africa today that is now requiring help from the world.

Of the 35 million people living with HIV in the world, 19 million do not know their HIV-positive status. Adolescent girls and young women account for one in four new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Women are much more vulnerable to HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C than the general public. Which is supported by this excerpt from a recent AIDSTAR-One regional report “Women and girls often face discrimination in terms of access to education, employment and healthcare. In this region, men often dominate sexual relationships. As a result, women cannot always practice safer sex even when they know the risks involved. Gender-based violence has been identified as a key driver of HIV transmission in the region.” (Ellsberg, Betron 2010) Many children are affected by the disease in a number of ways: they live with sick parents and relatives in households drained of resources due to the epidemic, and those who have lost parents are less likely to go to school or continue their education. Studies in the regions of Southern Africa and South-East Asia have found HIV/AIDS to negatively impact both the demand for and supply of education. Orphaned children are either pulled out of school or not enrolled at all due to the financial constraints of

The low income due to HIV/AIDS leads to low consumption of goods and little savings, which results in malnutrition, inability to combat illness and a lack of education and skills. The low capital worth, low

An upsetting pattern has risen inside of the previous couple of years, demonstrating a relentless increment of ladies being contaminated with HIV/AIDS every year. This pattern is particularly conspicuous in sub-Saharan Africa. While the illness is contaminating more ladies than any other time in recent memory and now represents about portion of those living with HIV around

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus (Avert). It is virus that attacks the immune system, our body’s defense against disease (Avert). Individuals who become infected with HIV will find it harder to fight infections (Avert). HIV is located in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breast milk (HIV and Aids). The most common method to become infected is through anal or vaginal sex without a condom (HIV and Aids). Other forms of contraction include using infected needles/ syringes, from mother to child during pregnancy, or breastfeeding (HIV and Aids). If left untreated, AIDS can evolve, this is when a person’s immune system becomes too weak to fight infection and can no longer defend itself (What is AIDS). Despite there not being a cure, an early diagnosis and effective treatment can enable people to live a normal, healthy life (HIV and Aids). This paper will focus on the HIV epidemic. It will compare and contrast HIV in the United States and in Kenya. The paper will review the specific populations affected, testing and counseling centers, funding and economic impact, and prevention programs each country is executing.

A major epidemic across the world is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Accredited with 10% of the HIV cases annually is injection drug use (AIDS.gov, 2014). A study done in 2010 showed that injection drug use affected nearly 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States. With 625 being males and 38% being female. Breaking it down even further, African Americans made up 50% of the newly affecting using injection drugs, Whites 26%, and Latinos/ Hispanics with 21% (CDC.gov, 2015). Injection drug use can spread the HIV virus by any of the following acts: using blood-contaminated syringes to prepare drugs, reusing water, reusing bottle caps, spoons, or other containers ("cookers") to

The population of Botswana below the poverty line is 47% (CIA-The World Factbook-Botswana). Botswana 's people have very poor living conditions and many of the people do not have access to safe drinking water. After contracting the HIV virus, one 's immune system is much more susceptible to infectious diseases; these diseases are brought by the unsafe drinking water or the unacceptable living conditions. These more-susceptible people may catch infectious and fatal diseases. The poor people also have reduced access to health services. When Botswana 's HIV infected people are exposed to an unhealthy environment or unsafe water, they are very likely to be infected by diseases that their slowed immune systems cannot fight off. This results in many more deaths of AIDS infected people. Poverty can also cause more HIV transmission. It is common for young girls to have sex with men to get money to pay for schooling or food (AIDS in Africa). This is not right and is putting these young girls at risk of infection; young girls should not need money bad enough to have to get it from a man by having sex with him. Also, with poverty comes a lack of education, education about the horrors of AIDS and how to prevent it. There needs to be a solution for the half of Botswana that lives in poverty and does not receive a proper

Even though HIV has impacted the developed world, it has specifically targeted our impoverished communities and has decreased life expectancy in these areas to be an average of 20 years old. In addition, this chapter presents critical historical information and statistics to identify the origins of these diseases and the genuine numbers associated with it. This paper will explore HIV and AIDS as a disease. The first chapter will discuss the history associated with HIV and AIDS. The second chapter will explain the process of HIV and AIDS which includes the stages, symptoms and contraction. The third chapter explains the misconceptions and stereotypes of HIV and AIDS. The fourth chapter explores women and children with HIV and AIDS. Finally, the fifth chapter discusses the medical interventions and future at risk

The number of people living with HIV remains to escalate, in large part a positive trend, because more than 15 million people worldwide as of March 2015 are on antiretroviral therapy and consequently are living longer(UNAIDS 2015:81). Concurrently, even if new HIV infections have dropped, there is still significant high number of new HIV infections every year, contributing to the burden of the epidemic. Globally, 0.8% of adults aged 15–49 years are living with HIV. Although 80% of people living with HIV live in only 20 countries, the HIV epidemic residues international, affecting all parts of the world and impose significantly to health problems in all corners of the world. Globally, it was able to provide prevention of maother to child transmission of HIV services for 73% of pregnant women living with HIV during the end of 2014.

According to the government study, poverty is the most important factor in the inner- city heterosexuals are more infected with AIDS virus. According to the studies, HIv is the more epidemic in poverty urban areas. Therefore, poor heterosexuals in those areas were twice as likely to be infected compared to the heterosexuals that lived in that same community but had more money. According to the

Overall, the crisis of HIV/AIDS, especially in sub-Saharan Africa is still a major issue. Perhaps the biggest factor is that developed nations have become fairly complacent when considering the disease, as not only has its prevalence dropped significantly in most areas, but treatment through anti-retroviral regimens has managed to increase an infected person’s lifespan to a level almost matching an uninfected person’s average lifespan. Those in sub-Saharan Africa face several key issues with this disease. A lack of education regarding HIV/AIDS and a lack of health care facilities and medication to combat HIV/AIDS are perhaps two of the largest. The country unfortunately faces an upcoming crisis, with the youngest generation’s parents and caregivers becoming too sick or succumbing to the disease before vital education, such as the ability to farm a landscape suffering from desertification, is passed on (Sowing Seeds of Hunger).

HIV/AIDS brings about hunger indirectly first through the economy. It is normal to have more than one sexual partner at a time in most sub-Saharan countries and this creates a “HIV super highway”. In fact, seventeen percent of the health-care workers in sub-Saharan Africa died from AIDS since 2005, and this is a lot considering only 480 people out of 48,000,000 people work in health-care in Tanzania. To detect HIV, physicians use a CD4 test, which uses expensive equipment, electricity, and trained technicians. Even after detection, the ARVs are too expensive to stay on for two long. If ARV resistance does occur, more expensive second-line therapy may be necessary. Even Peter Piot, the director of an AIDS prevention program, said “Projections now suggest that some countries in sub-Saharan Africa will face economic collapse unless they bring their epidemics under control”. Tanzanians, who do get treatment, hardly have enough money to buy food for a week, and with an average of five kids per family, most will starve.

Early epidemiological studies in the 1980’s aimed to identify the mode of transmission of HIV (De Cock et al., 2012). Findings from these studies have described the spread of HIV/AIDS to mainly occur through sexual transmission, mother-to-child transmission, and parenteral (blood-borne) transmission and these findings have driven subsequent research and prevention efforts in order to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS (De Cock et al., 2012) (Handsfield, 2011). HIV/AIDS is a great cost to nations both directly and indirectly,

Countries with high national debts and low GNP such as Mozambique experience greater difficulties in providing the care and support to the infected and affected. HIV/AIDS results in greater number of illness and death especially among the working class. This results in increased cases of absenteeism which results in more work for employees already present required to stand in for their colleagues hence leading to higher overtime

The first most important root causes of AIDS in Africa is social-economic. Nearly 40 percent of Africa's population lives on less than US $1 a day and barely surviving on less than US $2 in a week (Poku). Living in poverty means many families are unable to provide all the proteins and nutrition one body needs. Lack of nutrients to the immune system cause it to weaken and once it fails to work it is unable to resist any virus that attacks it. The second most important cause of AIDS in Africa is the cultural force. Many Africans believes that people who