Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )

HIV is transmitted via semen, blood, breast milk, and vaginal and rectal secretions. An infected mother can pass HIV to her unborn child via placenta or during birth if the proper measures are not undertaken. Sharing needles can also infect an individual due to possible contamination of infected blood (Holland, 2013).

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, was discovered by Dr. Robert Gallo and Dr. Luc Montagnier. HIV had its first known case in a human in the year 1959. Though, its first known case in the United States was in 1981 when the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, known as the CDC, reported five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia, a rare form of pneumonia. These findings were published in CDC 'S Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, or MMWR, which is read by physicians around the world. Soon after, The New York Times reported that 41 homosexual men had been diagnosed with a rare cancer called Kaposi 's Sarcoma. Since this disease was only spreading amongst gay men at the time,

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which results form an infection called the human immunodeficiency syndrome virus (HIV) is a global epidemic that has taken numerous amounts of lives. There are two forms of HIV that are linked to AIDS, HIV-1 and HIV-2 (Crooks, Baur 460). HIV-1 is a virus that is constantly mutating and it is the first human immunodeficiency virus to be recognized as the leading cause of AIDS world wide, then we have HIV-2, which only occurs in some African countries (Crooks, Baur 460). In the 1980s the number of AIDS cases in the United States grew rapidly each year and eventually began to stabilize.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 50% of youth with HIV in the United States do not know they are infected. (www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic burden that has inundated the world for decades. Evident populaces persist more vulnerable than others. The control of this potentially lethal virus is possible nonetheless; early detection through screening and adequate treatment is needed to stop the blowout.

In the early 1970’s, scientists in Japan and the United States began to study animal retroviruses to gain further knowledge about viruses that caused leukemia. Although animal retroviruses existed in non-human primates, it was believed that human retroviruses did not exist. However, after the T-cell lymphtropic virus was isolated from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) became the first human retrovirus discovered and marked the beginning of scientific milestones.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus responsible for the acquisition of HIV infection which leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV targets cells that are part of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells which results in the levels of these cells falling dangerously low as they are exterminated via different mechanisms. Such mechanisms typically involve the induction of signaling cascades that result in 'self-killing' protocols being executed by the cell, as well as becoming targets for direct killing of other cytotoxic cells in the immune system. As HIV is a lentivirus it contains two single-stranded, positive sense, RNA molecules each coding nine viral

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) spread quickly across the continent of Africa unfortunately taking many lives and creating a burden on the countries affected. In 2011 South Africa was declared the highest population living with the virus (reference). With a growing number of individuals affected by the virus the South African government found an increased need for health care services. However, many nurses and health care providers became ill or had died from the virus, thus creating a need for the government to develop a home-based care policy (reference).

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which attacks the immune system which makes it hard to fight off infection or disease. In the UK 100,000 people are currently living with HIV and one in five people in the UK have not yet been diagnosed.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1983, was an early report of a new disease discovered by both French virologist Luc Antoine Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute of Paris and Dr. Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute in Washington. The virus was at first named HTLV-III/LAV which is (human T-cell lymphotropic virus-type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) by an international scientific committee. The name was later changed to HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. Since the early 1980s, Human immunodeficiency virus was identified as a retrovirus as the cause of AIDS.1

Unlike many other pathogens, HIV is only able to be transmitted through body fluids as they cannot survive outside of a host, so are described as being blood-borne. Common methods of transmission include sexual intercourse, contaminated needles injected intravenously, transfusion with contaminated blood, and transmission across the placenta from the mother to the foetus. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27114/#A1325

Human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) is the infection which causes the illness, AIDS. Contamination with that infection harms the human body 's insusceptible (safeguard) framework and permits life-undermining diseases to create. HIV has no known cure or antibody for counteractive action. Accessible therapeutic learning shows that transmission of HIV is basically through sexual contact or offering intravenous medication gear to somebody who has a HIV disease. It additionally can be spread from a contaminated mother to her child some time recently, or amid, conveyance and through bosom nourishing. HIV can 't be transmitted through easygoing contact, for example, sharing nourishment or beverage, touching surfaces, shaking hands, dry kissing, or cooperating. HIV can 't be transmitted by mosquitoes or different bugs.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (About HIV/AIDS, 2015.). This is an incurable virus that has come a long way in the means of treatment and diagnosis. Testing for HIV has advanced rapidly throughout the years as scientists do more and more research on the virus. HIV is hard to detect after initial infection because antibodies for this virus take time to build up in the body before they can be detected with a common serological test. Screening tests and diagnostic tests are used to detect the presence of HIV. They can also tell you at what stage the virus may be at in the body because the test determines the ratio of CD4-cells or T-cells in your body that are infected

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Lamptey et al 2002). The transmission of this virus occurs through contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Lamptey et al 2002). Sexual intercourse with a HIV infected partner is the most common cause of transmission. HIV can also spread through contact with contaminated syringes or needles and also be passed from mother to child through pregnancy, birth and breast feeding (Lamptey et al 2002). There is a general consensus that the HIV/AIDS epidemic may by the most destructive health crisis that we have faced (Lamptey et al 2006). Furthermore there is evidence that this epidemic has and will continue to cause havoc in relation to global health. This is especially true for countries in the developing world (Vii. Impact On The Health Sector). This article will the discuss the major health implications caused by the spread of HIV/AIDS focusing mainly on sub-Saharan Africa , while touching on a few other locations. Furthermore this paper aims to explore the actions taken towards the treatment and prevention of this disease. Finally future outcomes for HIV sufferers will be evaluated.

HIV is a virus that develops when a non-infected person exposed by an infected person with HIV through bodily fluids. HIV in an infected person can annihilate the cells; the immune system weakens and becomes a target for other infectious illnesses. When the immune system can no longer defend itself, the infection has progressed to AIDS. People can contract HIV in many ways. HIV can spread by coming in contact with body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen, rectal and vaginal fluids, and breast milk from women who are nursing their babies. Promoting and educating

As I have learned from my past lessons in high school and elementary, HIV which stands for human immunodeficiency virus is a kind of virus, specifically lentivirus, that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome better known as AIDS. As what our high school teacher taught us, HIV can be transmitted commonly from person to person by having an unsafe sexual intercourse with an infected person whether anal, oral or vaginal sex, through blood transfusions from the contaminated needles, and the