Human Life Cycle Assessment

LCA offers an inclusive method for assessing the total environmental impact of a product, which helps to ensure that the method does not result in unplanned consequences in terms of net increase or decrease of the impact. While the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has establish a series of standards for conducting LCA on product (ISO 14040 series), carrying out an LCA on pavement may be much more complicated than for general consumer products ((ISO, 2006a) ;( Santero et al, 2011)). For pavement, the life cycle includes material production, construction, use, maintenance and end-of-life (EOL) phases. Figure 4shows a general pavement life cycle.

The one aspect that I found most interesting about the reading was the section titled wellness. I found this section very interesting because I can relate to most of the issues that this section touches. For example, as a graduate student one is more times than none, very busy and always on the go. Therefore, when it comes to eating we most often rely on fast food or any junk food that fulfills our hunger. But, we fail to realize that we are damaging our body and as result, we tend to adopt this lifestyle as grad student. Also, staying up late and not getting enough sleep can bring negative outcomes to our wellbeing. More importantly, one needs to adopt a healthy lifestyle to be able to function properly on every day

Things do not happen. Things are made to happen” by John F. Kennedy. College is an important place for a student where he or she can learn different new things about life or their career. There are many colleges around the United States, even here in Florida there are too many, but I think that Valencia is one of the best because of the teachers and their programs. In this project call “LifeMap” I learn based on my personality which will be a good major for me, investigate the different colleges that offer my major and finally choose my dream career.

With the goal to minimize the effects on the environment many companies have improved by using the LCA as a tool to consider the entire life cycle of a product (Curran 1996). LCA shows cumulative environmental impacts from all stages of the products life often including impacts not considered in more traditional analysis like raw material extraction or material transportation. This provides a comprehensive view of the true environmental tradeoffs of the product and process selection. Figure 1 illustrates the possible life cycle stages that can be considered in an LCA and the typical inputs/outputs

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used as a tool or technique to assess the environmental impacts of a product, process or activity throughout its life cycle from the cradle-to-grave analyses (extraction of raw materials through to processing, transport, use and disposal).

Balancing the aspects of school, a social life, work, and so on can be difficult for anyone, but especially college students. I have found that using a proven set of effective study skills for each class helps a lot with the school aspect of life. Skills such as planning and organization are some of which that can be effective. What is interesting is that when a student finds more balance in schooling, which is a huge part of their lives, they will most likely find balance in the other aspects of their life.

Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is defined as a method or a financial tool to evaluate the total cost of facility ownership, which include time period and discount rate by using discount cash flows. For example: maintenance, user, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoring, and resurfacing costs. Net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) are considered all possible cash flows and they generate financial metrics of LCCA. Life cycle cost analysis is used to evaluate energy efficiency measures (EEMs) for building design and it is only considering the capital and energy costs. A simple payback analysis is defined as “the process of determining the capital cost and energy cost savings

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system. LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not. LCCA is not useful for budget allocation.

Building construction is not an act of nature, and it typically is not a very environmentally-friendly activity. Every decision the architect and the engineer make throughout the development process; from smaller scale constructions such as farm lands, parks, single-housing units, and sewage system to a larger scale such as facilities, power plants, multi-family units, bridges, and highways, will have a very close and direct impact to the environment directly and indirectly. In order to achieve a better standard for the living quality without causing further burdens and negative impacts to the planet earth, the ways to manage these major environmental impacts from the construction need to be strongly enforced.

According to Stauskis (184), there has been a raging debate as to whether green architecture has actually achieved its original goal or not. To answer this question, it is important to understand how green architecture works. It is the responsibility of the architects to meet the needs of their clients in a way that does not threaten the environment. Green architecture involves designing and developing structures that do not pose threats to the environment. As we struggle to achieve the current needs today, we have the responsibility to protect the interests of the future generation. Chambers (13) says that the emergence of high rise building was an example of a huge breakthrough in the field of architect. It facilitated rapid development of cities around the world as human beings started putting into use the vertical space. However, green architecture goes beyond this. It involves how technology can be used to develop structures that are environmentally friendly. This starts by defining the materials that are safe to the current and future generation when designing structures. The materials must then be extracted from their natural sources in a way that they will have the least possible negative impact on the environment. For instance, if it is harvesting of trees, it must be done in a sustainable manner so that it does not pose any

Materials and Methods: Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted here to assess the environmental health impacts through all MSW management stages from production till treatment and disposal through four main phases: goal and scope, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation.

As pointed out by the report ‘Our Common Future’ in 1987, society, economics and environment has become the main drivers of sustainable development (Eleni & Katerina, 2015). Since then, adaptive reuse (AP) has become a significant strategy to improve these three areas of sustainable development in existing building projects (Bullen 2007 cited in Peter & Peter. 2011, p. 33). This strategy has become a trend that could not only extend the life of existing buildings but also support the main targets of sustainability in lowering the material, transport and energy consumption and importantly pollution, during the process (Peter & Peter. 2011, p. 33). Nevertheless, there is a gap in that building owners and

Structural walls A wall system using Earth Blocks can be as much as 40% cheaper than the conventional alternative.

Brick production is one of the most environmentally and socially damaging activity in the industrial sector. Despite the industry contributing to almost 1% of the GDP, the industry delivers more social costs and benefits and thus major reforms are required in this sector if the industry is to be brought at an advantageous level.

Brick is one of the oldest material which is found has been used by human being in construction industry. In 14,000 B.C and earlier, bricks were found in the Egypt in the form of hand-moulded and sun-dried. The types of bricks are continuously to be varied in most countries and they are being used through ages due