Human Morphology

The belief that various living organisms emerged from previous organisms throughout the history of the earth can be associated with the term evolution. One can therefore assume that there is a vast likelihood that prehistoric evolutionary processes have a significant impact on human behavior today. This paper hypothesizes that the human mind has information-processing mechanisms that are known as adaptions which have developed over time. It is believed that these adaptions were formed by natural selection in ancestral surroundings and have specialised functions that shape behaviour to allow one to solve specific adaptive challenges. Thus evolutionary psychologists suggest that individuals have what Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides, and John

3. In what ways do paragraphs 4-6 serve to illustrate the main idea of paragraph 3? (Glossary: Illustration)

Figure 8.1 Using Figure 8.1, match the following: 1) Periosteum. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3 2) Articular cartilage. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3 3) Joint (synovial) cavity. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3 4) Synovial membrane. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 251; Fig. 8.3

Evolution is relative to the study of biological anthropology because it explains how humans and todays primates have become what they are. It reveals connections between the species as well. Genetically apes and humans are similar and this proves that some million years ago humans and apes evolved from the same species. If learning about evolution was outlawed then that would cut out a wide range of subjects humans can learn about themselves. By analyzing all possibilities of the history of the world and how humans and other creatures came to be where they are now people can create a brighter future.

Outline the Processes Involved in Evolution and Discuss how Evolutionary Psychologists have Contributed to our Understanding of

Animal experimentation happens everywhere, we think since animals have similar structures and organs as us it’s easier to experiment on them but does it make it right? Something the public might not know is we already experiment on people. No matter how many times we test on animals there's always going to be someone that will always be the first human to try it. The most popular animals to be tested on being primates because of how similar, there are to the human body. Primates are basically many types of monkeys like a Chimpanzee's. Primates are very different from other animals because of their not a normal animal that could just live in your house there from the wild. For example “ studies demonstrate that they have mathematical, memory,

Anthropologists are continuously exploring the far corners of the world in search of answers to how everything came to be and the process by which we as humans appeared on this planet. This is a difficult task and therefore, there are many branches of anthropology which strive to discern the pieces of the puzzle from different perspectives and approaches. Through the implementation of the scientific method, anthropologists have tested numerous hypotheses to create theories like the Theory of Evolution. First documented by Darwin, natural selection, the process by which a more fit individual survives and passes on their adaptive traits, has been discovered to play a crucial role in the evolution of

5) According to the analysis in the "Literary Introduction," what do hands express in the

The anatomy of Homo sapiens is unique in several ways and sets us apart from other species all across the world. One of the most distinguishing characteristics that differentiates Homo sapiens from other species is the utilization of bipedal locomotion. Humans have established a unique way of moving from one location to another that is due to the evolution numerous anatomical developments over millions of years.

Everyday, at one point or time, we see the Sun. “The Sun is the brightest object in the sky, and without it, we would not be alive. The Sun gives off light and heat, and we need both to make the Earth a warm, comfortable place to live”(Hudson). All the time, rays and particles have light are entering the Earth’s atmosphere and bouncing off of and hitting objects all around us. Even though we need the Sun’s light and heat, too much of it is bad for our body. Severe light absorption can lead to skin cancer.

The sun produces electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, with the visible spectrum being the most intense wavelength range produced as the radiation peaks at this area of the EM spectrum. The Earth’s atmosphere absorbs most of this radiation but light and radio waves are able to penetrate the atmosphere, as well as short wavelength infrared rays and long wavelength microwaves. X-rays and gamma rays are absorbed by the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

In D.T. Max’s essay on “How Humans Are Shaping Our Own Evolution”, he states that we are,” taking matters into our own hands.” After saying this, he quickly starts to mention both the effects (both positive and negative) of both naturally occurring adaptations and the artificially occurring adaptations that often occur through the ever-advancing means of technology.

The evolutionary approach states current human behaviour can be understood in terms of how it may have

Question 1: In Sheldon’s model of body aomatotypes, he describes three different types of body builds that can be used to classify various people that lie within different ethnic backgrounds. The various body builds that he created were endomorphic (referring to larger individuals with “promenade abdomens” (Eicher & Evenson, 2015)), mesomorphic (muscular beings with big bones), and ectomorphic (individuals that are lean). These three body types, and their corresponding descriptions, can be used as a way to become less bias in cross-cultural studies because “mesomorphic, ectomorphic, and endomorphic are culturally neutral terms” (Eicher & Evenson, 2015). Or, in other words, Sheldon’s terminology helps limit bias in cross-cultural studies because Sheldon developed terms that were more scientific rather than derogatory. For instance, rather than calling people of a certain culture fat, Sheldon’s terminology would label them as endomorphic. Which in turn limits the use of derogatory labels, which can often vary across cultures, and thus this terminology allows for more accurate and less bias analysis in cross cultural studies.

Physical anthropologists investigate evolution through various ways in order to give a well understanding of human evolution and these are relative dating research, theoretical research, fossil research and environmental research. I will try to expound how each research method is relevant to anthropological study.