Human Papilloma Virus ( Hpv )

Prophylactic vaccination against high risk human papilloma virus 16 and 18 represents an exciting means of protection against HPV related malignancy. However, this strategy alone, even if there is a level of cross protection against other oncogenic viruses, cannot completely prevent cervical cancer. In some countries cervical screening programs have reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by up to 80 percent although this decline has now reached a plateau with current cancers occurring in patients who have failed to attend for screening or where the sensitivity of the tests have proved inadequate. Cervical screening is inevitably associated with significant anxiety for the many women who require investigation and treatment following abnormal cervical cytology. However, it is vitally important to stress the need for continued cervical screening to complement vaccination in order to optimize prevention in vaccines and prevent cervical cancer in older women where the value of vaccination is currently unclear. It is likely that vaccination will ultimately change the natural history of HPV disease by reducing the influence of the highly oncogenic types HPV 16 and 18. In the long term this is likely to lead to an increase in recommended screening intervals. HPV vaccination may also reduce

HPV stands for the human palliloma virus. It is estimated that there are around 100 different types of HPV. The HPV virus can cause lesions to develop on the soft palate, tonsils and tongue. It can also increase the risk of certain forms of cancer, including oral cancer and cervical cancer.

If I told you that Human papillomavirus (HPV) was the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States and if left untreated could cause 70% of cervical cancers, would you want children to be required to get the vaccine? (Sourced) HPV vaccine is very controversial, not only because it is starting to be mandatory in the U.S but also because it is only mandatory for female children to get it. Researchers claim that the cancers associated with HPV cost $3.7 billion in 2003 alone. (Source) Cervical cancer is the second most lethal cancer to all women but should it be mandatory for only one gender even though men can carry it as well? (source)

What is HPV (human papilloma virus)? HPV is the most common STI (sexually transmitted infection). There is a definite link with cervical cancer, which can cause other cancers. The Gardasil vaccine was approved in 2006 and the key age for this vaccine is eleven years old (Whitehead). Moreover, females can get vaccinated up to the age of twenty-six and the vaccine will still be effective. In, addition, males can be vaccinated up to the age of twenty-one and the vaccine will still be effective (Whitehead). However, vaccinations are still not widely accepted and often have a bad reputation associated with them which makes it harder to propose the idea of vaccination. When vaccinating younger children parents are the main controversy (Whitehead). Many parents do not feel the need to vaccinate their child against a sexually transmitted infection because the key age for this vaccination is eleven years old. Many parents do not want to think that their young child could ever be sexually active. However, the reason for vaccination at such a young age is to prevent HPV from ever being a problem. In addition, the vaccine, Gardasil, is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (FDA). Furthermore, there is a link between Gardasil vaccination and race within society as a whole. This link can widen racial inequality more than it diminishes racial inequality.

In their 2015 study Alves Ribeiro et al. found that women who began having sexual intercourse prior to age of 16 were more than four times as likely to have a HPV infection (OR 4.41; 95%CI:1.20-19.33), and nearly five times as likely for that infection to involve serotypes 16 and 18 (OR 4.68; 95% CI: 1.20-21.32). Moreover, women with a sexual debut prior to age 16 were twice as likely to have a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1 or greater (OR 2.2; 95% CI: 0.94-5.08 CITE 2. The same study also demonstrated a statistically significant association between CIN 1 and HPV infection, especially infection with HPV serotypes 16 and 18 (OR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.05-7.19) and (OR 3.53; 95% CI: 1.17-10.67) respectively (Alves Riberio et al., 2015). Over 90% of females in the United States are sexually active by age 24; correspondingly, the prevalence of high-risk HPV peaks at over 43% in the 20-24 age group (Vegunta, Kransdorf, & Mayer, 2014). By age 30, the prevalence of high-risk HPV decreases to 30.4%, and continues to decrease as age increases. It is thought that this age related decrease in prevalence can be attributed to a combination of factors, including, decreased exposure, resistance to reinfections, and HPV’s self-limiting nature (Alves Ribeiro et al., 2015; Vegunta et al., 2014).

The human papillomavirus is a type of virus that is spread through skin to skin contact with an infected person. It is very common. In fact, it is estimated that 20 million people in America have been infected with the HPV virus. This virus may not produce any symptoms.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a name derived from group of viruses that affect the human skin and other moist areas found in the human body, such as the cervix, anus, mouth and throat. There are more than 100 species of HPV, of which only thirty of them affect the genital area. Genital HPV is very contagious and are spread during sexual intercourse and skin to skin of the genital areas. Some HPV can be physically detected, when there are visible genital warts seen around the site. HPV that do not exhibit clinical symptoms are known as sub-clinical HPV, which connotes that they are not visible, neither do they have recognizable symptoms (Women 's health specialist, November, 2009). Most of the time, Sub - clinical HPV is discovered when there is an abnormal results from pap smear. On the other hand, research also shows that men do encounter sub-clinical HPV, but the test does not work for them. Therefore, men may have it without knowing.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections in the United States. There are nearly 1 out of 4 women who have been diagnosed with HPV (CDC, 2015). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that at least 80% of women acquire a genital HPV infection by the age of 50 (CDC, 2015). HPV is an important topic that needs to be discussed because it has been estimated that 6.2 million cases of HPV has been reported (CDC, 2015). HPV is one third of all new sexual transmitted infections (CDC, 2015).

Cervical cancer is the second foremost occurring cancer in women after breast cancer. Cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus, or HPV. Infection by HPV typically occurs in the early years of sexual activity according to the World Health Organization (WHO), but it can take up to a full twenty years for it to develop into a full-blown malignant tumor. Scientists believe that for all intents and purposes all cervical cancer cases are caused by infection with a few types of cancer. Great strides have been made in recent years in the development of a vaccine to treat the cervical cancer. Scientists have cultivated a prophylactic vaccine that would protect against the human papillomavirus. HPV's

HPV, an abbreviation for human papilloma virus, is the most common sexually transmitted infection. According to the CDC, about 14 million people in US gets infected with HPV annually (“Human Papillomavirus” CDC). HPV is so common that it infects at least 75% of all people who are sexually active once during their lifetime (“Human Papillomavirus” Canadian Cancer Society). The infection with HPV usually occurs soon after the onset of sexual activity. This paper will cover what HPV is, its effects on the body and prevention.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. HPV belong to a family of viruses that cause cell changes in the epithelia resulting in benign skin lesions called warts and verrucae. Type 6 and 11 cause warts and are included under the low risk HPVs,Types 16,18,31,33,45 cause cervical cancer and are included under high risk HPVs(CDC,2014). The virus affects the skin and mucous membrane especially of the reproductive organs. Cervical Cancer and other Ano-genital cancers are seen in women with persistent genital HPV infection. HPV that affects the skin can be transmitted by skin to skin contact with an affected person and Genital HPV is spread through Kissing and Oral

The Human Papillomavirus, also known as HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Currently there are millions of people in USA with HPV. It’s so common, nearly every sexually active person gets HPV at some point in their lives. Doctors are currently using 3 different vaccines to prevent HPV. Alot of people don’t know they have been infected because it may take years to have any signs or symptoms.

Human papillomavirus is an infection that comes in many different varieties. There are over a 100 varieties of the infection. It was first identified in 1956 by a team of scientists. The virus can range in severity between sub-clinical, up to cancerous. The infection itself is not a cancer but may lead to cancer. Many individuals may not even know that they have HPV.

HPV is a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family that is capable of infecting humans. It looks like warts and it can appear on any part of your body. To stop the warts from spreading dont pick at them or bite your nails. This virus can be transmitted if your skin is torn or if you have a small cut or scratch.

Viruses can cause illness when they find a host cell then start to multiply. Viruses can enter the body from from water that you drink, air that someone breathes in or cuts and breaks in the skin (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2017). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 40 different viruses which affect the mouth, genitals or throat. It is highly contagious and very common; it is spread through any skin to skin or sexual contact of the genital areas although anal and vaginal are most common. It can cause genital warts and cervical cancer (Nhs.uk,