Human Papillomavirus And Cervical Cancer Burden

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system

The human papillomavirus remains one of the highest common sexually transmitted infections in the United States. The human papillomavirus dates back to the nineteen hundreds. Scientists during the nineteen hundreds did not comprehend on why people who had sexually transmitted infections also had cancer. It was not until the nineteen-eighties, that a scientist discovered that the human papilloma virus caused cancer (Preventing Cervical Cancer). Moreover the human papillomavirus causes genital warts in both men and women. In the year two thousand and six, a scientist generated two vaccines that protect the human body from contracting the virus. The Food and Drug Administration approved Gardasil and Cervarix since they are clinically tested

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a double -stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that only infects humans with an attraction to both cutaneous and mucosal surfaces such as the cervix, anus, tonsil, and oropharynx (Clark, 2013). HPV is a type of oncogenic virus that goes into the cells and can cause several diseases. Over the years, research has surfaced connecting genital HPV to several types of cancer. There are over a hundred strains of HPV but the most high risk strains, 16 and 18, have been shown to cause vulvar, vaginal, anal, and the most concerning, cervical cancer (Chan, Ng, & Wong, 2012). Genital HPV

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that spreads from person to person by direct contact of infected tissue. According to the CDC, nearly all men and women will contract HPV at some point in their life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). HPV can cause cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers in females. HPV can also cause anal, throat, and neck cancer in both males and females. HPV is also known to cause genital warts in both males and females. According to the National Cancer Institute (2013), “approximately 12,340 new cases of cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the US, and 4,030 US women will die

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. It's also one of the most feared, due to mounting evidence showing links between HPV and cancers of the cervix, throat, anus, and penis.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is currently thought to be the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States with roughly 79 million Americans currently affected (CDC,2015). There are over 120 identified types of HPV (CDC, pink book); most of which infect the cutaneous epithelium and cause common skin warts. Approximately 40 types of HPV infect the mucosal epithelium and are categorized according to their epidemiological association with cervical cancer: low risk type is associated with non-oncogenic types and cause benign or low-grad cervical cell abnormalities, genital warts and laryngeal papillomas. High Risk Types can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high grade cervical cell abnormalities or anogenital cancers less common than cervical cancer, such as cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis and anus. The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss differences in the vaginal microbiome and metabolome of women who have been classified as HPV positive vs women who have been classified as HPV negative. These differences are based upon a preliminary analysis which showed pathway enrichment of lipids, sphingolipids and estrogen when comparing women that were HPV positive with women that were HPV negative. This paper is exploratory in nature; as these topics hold great value for the rest of my dissertation, I briefly explored the following topics of interest in order to gain further insight: HPV, the vaginal microbiome, the life-cycle of HPV, HPV

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the United States (Ault, 2006). Almost all sexually active men and women will contract HPV at least once during their lifetime (What is HPV?, 2015). Sexually active women below the age of twenty-five consistently have the highest rates of infection (Ault, 2006). The development of the HPV vaccine in 2006 has decreased the prevalence of infection from 11.5% to 5.1% among females ages 14 to 19 (CDC, 2015). High-risk strains of HPV are also “detected in 99% of cervical cancer cases” (Valdez, Stuart, Tanjasari, Levy, & Garza, 2015, p. 106). Therefore HPV infection is one of the most significant risk factors in the development of cervical cancer.

HPV, an abbreviation for human papilloma virus, is the most common sexually transmitted infection. According to the CDC, about 14 million people in US gets infected with HPV annually (“Human Papillomavirus” CDC). HPV is so common that it infects at least 75% of all people who are sexually active once during their lifetime (“Human Papillomavirus” Canadian Cancer Society). The infection with HPV usually occurs soon after the onset of sexual activity. This paper will cover what HPV is, its effects on the body and prevention.

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease, with a worldwide point prevalence of 11.7%., in the United States over 79 million people are already infected with HPV, and over 14 million new HPV infections occur each year CITE 1,2,5. HPV affecting both men and women, has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 80-90%, it is likely that most sexually active people will become infected with HPV before the age of 45 CITE 1, 3. Although over 100 HPV genotypes have been identified, only 40 infect the genital area. These 40 are further subdivided into high risk oncogenic genotypes, and low risk the genotypes responsible for genital warts and recurrent papillomatosis CITE 8,3. HPV is associated with virtually all cervical cancers, and over 90% of anal cancers CITE 1. The cost of preventing and treating HPV and its associated diseases is estimated at eight billion dollars annually

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2015). Scientists predict that nearly all sexually active men and women will be infected with HPV at one point during their lifetime (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2010, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2015; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2007, Riguad, 2015). Although HPV is common, it usually resolves on its own within a year or two of infection. It does not pose a risk until it has remained in the body for many years, in which it can lead to pre-cancerous cells and genital warts (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2013; Human Papillomavirus (HPV), 2015; National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2012). HPV can be categorized into two groups, high risk HPV and low risk HPV. High risk HPV is responsible for the development of cancers, such as cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and penile, whereas low risk HPV is associated with the development of genital warts (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2007). Currently, there are nearly 26,000 new HPV-related cancers in the United States and roughly 18,000 occur in women, and 8,000 occur in men (President’s Report).

current evidence available at the time of publication and on the natural history of HPV and cervical pre-cancer. High-risk HPV infections are very common in young women, but most of these infections are transient: as they are typically cleared spontaneously from the woman’s body eliminates them spontaneously. Only a the small percentage of all HPV infections that persist for many years may lead to invasive cancer. Cervical cancer usually develops slowly, taking 10–20 years from early precancer to invasive cancer, so cervical cancer is rare before the age of 30. Screening younger women will detect many lesions that will never develop into cancer, which will lead to considerable overtreatment, and is thus not cost-effective.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for most of both incident and prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections in the U.S (Satterwhite et al., 2013). Approximately, 14 million Americans aged 15-59 years are newly diagnosed with HPV each year and a half of them occur among young adults aged 15-24 years (Markowitz et al., 2014). Similarly to female, the prevalence of genital HPV infection is estimated to be at least 20% or higher in male population (Dunne et al., 2006). While most HPV infection (70-90%) may be clear by itself in three years, HPV can also cause genital warts and anogenital cancers (e.g., cervical, vaginal, anal, penile cancers) (Frazer et al., 2006). In the U.S., 20,000 women and 12,000 men are diagnosed with

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and will occur in the life of a sexually active man or woman. It is associated with causing cancers of the anus, penis, vulva, vagina and cervix. Currently, there are no screening methods for males, only females (CDC2014). This review examines the role of men in the transmission of HPV and why there are no screening recommendations in males.

Human Pappillomavirus is most commonly known as HPV and is the most common sexually transmitted disease with 360,000 new cases reported annually (Maurer 2016). HPV is a virus and it should be noted that it is not a singular virus. It is made up 100 viruses that are closely related. The difference however, is the severity of the specific strands of HPV. It is of the Family- Papillomarviridae, the Genus- Alphapapillomavirus and the species - Human Papillomavirus . The DNA which characterizes HPV is distinctly circular shaped, double chain and within it holds an estimate 8000 base pairs. This virus is located within the body specifically inside of thin, flat cells which are scientifically known as epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are

What cultural, social, behavioral, and educational factors most often explain the high prevalence of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the Caribbean? The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide in the form a DNA virus that is sexually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin or sexual contact in the genital, oral, or anal regions. Symptoms of HPV include genital warts, cancers of the vulva, vagina, and penis. Most individuals with HPV do not develop symptoms of the infection. Currently, there is no way to tell which people who have HPV will develop these symptoms of cancer or health issues. Methods of behavioral prevention for HPV include avoidance of any skin-to-skin contact