Human Papillomavirus ( Hpv )

What is the Human Papillomavirus? Commonly known as HPV, it is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. There are over one hundred different types of HPV; several types cause genital warts, while other high risk strands can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vagina, and penis. Because HPV is often asymptomatic, many people are unaware of their infection status, and thus, their potential for transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. The significance of the Human Papillomavirus is that fifty percent of Americans who are sexually active will contract it within their lives, and at any given point there are twenty million Americans already infected with it (“By the numbers: HPV Vaccine”).

The HPV virus has gone unseen by many until the recent controversy over the vaccine. However, this virus is thought to be one of the world’s most wide spread STD’s. “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 6.2 million women and men are newly infected every year” with HPV. HPV has over 100 strains, with more than thirty that are sexually transmitted. Some of these strains are known to cause cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis cancers and others can cause genital warts. “Studies have found the vaccine to be almost 100% effective in preventing diseases caused by the four HPV types covered by the vaccine—including precancers of the cervix, vulva and vagina, and genital warts” (“HPV Questions and

Prophylactic vaccination against high risk human papilloma virus 16 and 18 represents an exciting means of protection against HPV related malignancy. However, this strategy alone, even if there is a level of cross protection against other oncogenic viruses, cannot completely prevent cervical cancer. In some countries cervical screening programs have reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by up to 80 percent although this decline has now reached a plateau with current cancers occurring in patients who have failed to attend for screening or where the sensitivity of the tests have proved inadequate. Cervical screening is inevitably associated with significant anxiety for the many women who require investigation and treatment following abnormal cervical cytology. However, it is vitally important to stress the need for continued cervical screening to complement vaccination in order to optimize prevention in vaccines and prevent cervical cancer in older women where the value of vaccination is currently unclear. It is likely that vaccination will ultimately change the natural history of HPV disease by reducing the influence of the highly oncogenic types HPV 16 and 18. In the long term this is likely to lead to an increase in recommended screening intervals. HPV vaccination may also reduce

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a widespread sexually transmitted infection. Approximately 14 million Americans are infected with HPV each year ("HPV Vaccine for Preteens and Teens,"). HPV also causes several types of cancers, such as vaginal cancer and anal cancer. More than 27,000 women and men are affected by a HPV-related cancer annually ("The Link Between HPV and Cancer,"). The most common HPV cancers for women and men are cervical cancer, and oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, respectively. Research has demonstrated that many cancers caused by HPV can be prevented by the HPV vaccine, which is administered in 3 doses over 6 months ("The

Human Papilloma Virus, more commonly known as HPV, is a sexually transmitted virus. It is spread from skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, typically during sexual encounters. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. According to the Immunize Action Coalition, “most sexually active American men and woman will contract at least one type of HPV virus during their lifetime” (A Parent 's Guide to Preteen, 2013, p. 1). To put the numbers in perspective, it infects an estimated seventy-nine million Americans today with approximately fourteen million more people being affected additionally each year (Human

HPV stands for the human palliloma virus. It is estimated that there are around 100 different types of HPV. The HPV virus can cause lesions to develop on the soft palate, tonsils and tongue. It can also increase the risk of certain forms of cancer, including oral cancer and cervical cancer.

If I told you that Human papillomavirus (HPV) was the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States and if left untreated could cause 70% of cervical cancers, would you want children to be required to get the vaccine? (Sourced) HPV vaccine is very controversial, not only because it is starting to be mandatory in the U.S but also because it is only mandatory for female children to get it. Researchers claim that the cancers associated with HPV cost $3.7 billion in 2003 alone. (Source) Cervical cancer is the second most lethal cancer to all women but should it be mandatory for only one gender even though men can carry it as well? (source)

What is HPV (human papilloma virus)? HPV is the most common STI (sexually transmitted infection). There is a definite link with cervical cancer, which can cause other cancers. The Gardasil vaccine was approved in 2006 and the key age for this vaccine is eleven years old (Whitehead). Moreover, females can get vaccinated up to the age of twenty-six and the vaccine will still be effective. In, addition, males can be vaccinated up to the age of twenty-one and the vaccine will still be effective (Whitehead). However, vaccinations are still not widely accepted and often have a bad reputation associated with them which makes it harder to propose the idea of vaccination. When vaccinating younger children parents are the main controversy (Whitehead). Many parents do not feel the need to vaccinate their child against a sexually transmitted infection because the key age for this vaccination is eleven years old. Many parents do not want to think that their young child could ever be sexually active. However, the reason for vaccination at such a young age is to prevent HPV from ever being a problem. In addition, the vaccine, Gardasil, is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (FDA). Furthermore, there is a link between Gardasil vaccination and race within society as a whole. This link can widen racial inequality more than it diminishes racial inequality.

Human Papillomavirus(HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) around 20 million people are infected with HPV and additional 6.2 million people are newly infected every year. According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2003-2004 among sexually active women (57% of 14 to 19 years and 97% of 20 to 59 years) HPV was highest prevalent in youngest age group (40% of 14-19 years and 50% of 20-24 years). Infection rates decrease after age of 24 years. There are more than 100 types of HPV viruses out of which 40 cause genital infections. Out of

By limiting the number of sexual partners one has, getting vaccinated, and using condoms, one can significantly reduce his or chances of contracting a high risk HPV that can cause a cancer(1). A study in Australia has proved the effectiveness of the vaccine. Nathan Seppa in his article, “HPV vaccination proves its worth in Australia” states that, "Those who received all three shots were 54 percent as likely as unvaccinated women to have precancerous cervical growth and two-thirds as likely to have other abnormal cervical cell growth”(2). This demonstrates that there are steps people can take to prevent contracting HPV and in turn prevent cancers associated with certain HPVs.

HPV and its associated diseases affect men and women of all races and ethnicities. In the United States, Caucasian females have a lower incidence of cervical cancer and a higher incidence of vulvar cancer, while vaginal cancers associated with HPV occur more frequently in black females CITE JEMAL 2013 HPV linked oropharyngeal cancers are increasing in both sexes across all ethnicities with the exception of blacks, and hpv associated anal cancers have increased in both males and females of all races and ethnicities CITE JEMAL 2013

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is currently thought to be the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States with roughly 79 million Americans currently affected (CDC,2015). There are over 120 identified types of HPV (CDC, pink book); most of which infect the cutaneous epithelium and cause common skin warts. Approximately 40 types of HPV infect the mucosal epithelium and are categorized according to their epidemiological association with cervical cancer: low risk type is associated with non-oncogenic types and cause benign or low-grad cervical cell abnormalities, genital warts and laryngeal papillomas. High Risk Types can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high grade cervical cell abnormalities or anogenital cancers less common than cervical cancer, such as cancer of the vulva, vagina, penis and anus. The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss differences in the vaginal microbiome and metabolome of women who have been classified as HPV positive vs women who have been classified as HPV negative. These differences are based upon a preliminary analysis which showed pathway enrichment of lipids, sphingolipids and estrogen when comparing women that were HPV positive with women that were HPV negative. This paper is exploratory in nature; as these topics hold great value for the rest of my dissertation, I briefly explored the following topics of interest in order to gain further insight: HPV, the vaginal microbiome, the life-cycle of HPV, HPV

The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus responsible for cervical cancer. It is one the most common viral sexually transmitted infections. A vaccine was approved in 2006 that is effective in preventing the types of HPV responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. Proposals for routine and mandatory HPV vaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large (Cooper et al. 2010).

HPV is a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family that is capable of infecting humans. It looks like warts and it can appear on any part of your body. To stop the warts from spreading dont pick at them or bite your nails. This virus can be transmitted if your skin is torn or if you have a small cut or scratch.

Viruses can cause illness when they find a host cell then start to multiply. Viruses can enter the body from from water that you drink, air that someone breathes in or cuts and breaks in the skin (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2017). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 40 different viruses which affect the mouth, genitals or throat. It is highly contagious and very common; it is spread through any skin to skin or sexual contact of the genital areas although anal and vaginal are most common. It can cause genital warts and cervical cancer (Nhs.uk,