Human Papillomavirus in African-American Females Essay

This year alone approximately 12,360 documented new cases of cervical cancer in the United States and 4,020 deaths according to National Cancer Institute (“Cervical Cancer”, 2014). Cervical cancer is a slow growing cancer that grows in the tissues of the cervix (an organ that connects the uterus and vagina). The disease is predominantly caused by the human papillomavirus infection (HPV). According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the HPV virus is so common that nearly all sexually active women and men get it at some point in their lives. Many types of HPV exist, some causing genital warts and potentially cervical cancer. Individuals can get HPV by having unprotected genital to genital touching, oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, and can develop symptoms years after they had sex with someone who is infected, making it difficult to know when they first became infected.

Throughout the world, HPV is also very prevalent. Cervical cancer from HPV is the second most common cancer in women living in underdeveloped countries (WHO, 2016). Many of these underdeveloped and lower income countries do have access now to the common forms of the HPV vaccine. In 2008, more than 500,000 new cases of HPV were reported worldwide (WHO, 2016). The prevalence of cases throughout the world is about 79 million reported cases (WHO, 2016).

This journal evaluates the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases disparities of African-American in the united states in comparison to white communities. This study focuses on disparities for African American because of the massive diseases of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis that the African American communities face. Most of the US population is either white or African American. This journal focuses on African American communities instead of African Americans because of the many diversities in the US African American population. Studies took from the Northeast, South, West and Midwest

Assumptions for this analysis are conservative. The number of death prevented could be underestimated as less common HPV-related cancers, for example, anal cancer, are not included in the analysis. Additionally, race and ethnicity disparities could impact the mortality rate. Since black women have the highest cervical cancer mortality rate compared to other races ("The HPV Vaccine: Access and Use in the U.S.," 2015), and Georgia has a relatively large black population, the number of death caused by cervical cancer could be higher than estimated. Therefore, cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccine is potentially underestimated and the cost of each death prevented could be

In US cervical cancer is ranked 13th most common cancer in women and 4th among women between 15 to 44 years.

In the state of Florida, between 1981 and 2009, there was a higher incidence of cervical, vaginal, and penile cancer in the black population, a higher incidence of anal cancer in the Hispanic population, and a

As the Center for Disease Control (CDC) (2015) confirms, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STD or STI) among men and women; it is so common that nearly every sexually active individual will get it at some point in their lives. With about 14 million new cases each year, the CDC (2015) reports a prevalence of about 79 million cases of persons currently infected with HPV in the United States (US). Also, with cervical cancer being the most serious outcome related to HPV, the state of Georgia falls in the mid-interval of 6.66 to 7.87 with HPV-related cervical cancer per 100,000 people. It is evident that this disease is more prevalent in rural areas and among underserved populations. HPV is actually

“4,210 deaths have occurred with cervical cancer.”(cancer.net) 12,820 women in the U.S will be diagnosed. If the cancer has spread from the cervix to other parts it’s a five year survival rate is 17 percent. The 5 year survival rate tells you what percent of women live at least 5 years after the cancer is found. The 5 year survival rate for all women with cervical cancer is 68%. For white women, the 5 year survival rate are 69%. For african american women the survival rate is 57%. “More than 15% of cases of cervical cancer are found in women over 65.” “(key statistics)” In the United States, Hispanic women are most likely to get cervical cancer, followed by African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders and whites. American Indians and Alaskan natives have the lowest risk of cervical cancer in this country. Cervical cancer rates for women have gone up every year for women and if we don’t find better treatments we won’t get to point of curing this

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that spreads from person to person by direct contact of infected tissue. According to the CDC, nearly all men and women will contract HPV at some point in their life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). HPV can cause cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers in females. HPV can also cause anal, throat, and neck cancer in both males and females. HPV is also known to cause genital warts in both males and females. According to the National Cancer Institute (2013), “approximately 12,340 new cases of cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the US, and 4,030 US women will die

The incidence of cervical cancer has been declining over the last thirty years. However, recent research has shown that compared to non-Hispanic whites there is a disproportionately higher rate of cervical cancer among African American, Latina, and some Asian American groups of women. Between 2008 and 2012 Latina women had the highest rate of invasive cervical cancer at 9.9 per hundred thousand (Valdez et al., 2015). African American women had the second highest incidence at 9.2 per hundred thousand. Non-Hispanic women had a rate of 7.1 per hundred thousand while Asian Americans had an incidence of 7.1 per hundred thousand. Korean, Filipino, and Vietnamese women are at high risk for

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the causative operator of cervical disease, which is a standout amongst the most unmistakable tumors in ladies. HPV is a sexually transmitted malady that can influence both men and ladies. The immunizer discovery systems uncovered that the greater part of the ladies (those that are sexually dynamic) worldwide and roughly 70% of the sexually dynamic ladies of US populace have been presented to the papilloma infection sooner or later in time. The African area is having the most astounding rate of commonness with an expected number of 379153 cases amid the year 2000.

The circulation of information on the internet contributes to the array of controversy that surrounds human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the virus “is so common that nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives.” Human papillomavirus, better known as simply HPV, has close to forty strains, which can lead to warts or the development of cancer. A study conducted by Shelley Francis and Mira Katz revealed that across the globe, “cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity among women. Even though women in developing countries account for approximately 85% of the cervical cancer cases and

Conclusion: The lack of HPV screening methods in men puts them at higher risk for contracting HPV and transmitting it to their partners. The studies showed that men carried the high risk type HPV which are associated with over 80% of anal cancer, also genital warts, oropharyngeal cancer and aides in the development of cervical dysplasia in

In the United States, it is one of the eight-most common cancer of women. According to researches, the data shows that Hispanic women are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer than the general population and their median age at diagnosis is 48. In 1998, about 12,800 women were diagnosed in the US and about 4,800 died. Among cancers of the female reproductive tract, it is less common than endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. The rates of new cases in the United States was 7 per 100,000 women in 2004. Cervical cancer deaths decreased by approximately 74% in the

It is estimated that 79 million Americans are currently infected with a strand of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and that 14 million Americans become infected annually (CDC HPV Questions and Answers, 2016). Human Papillomavirus can cause penile cancer in men, cancer of the vulva, vagina or cervix in females, and esophageal, oropharyngeal, and anal cancers in both men and women (CDC HPV Questions and Answers, 2016). Consequently, 27 million Americans annually are diagnosed with cancer from HPV (CD11.7C What Is HPV, 2016). The morbidity and mortality rates for cervical cancer caused by HPV in the United States are 8.1 and 2.4 per 100,000 respectively; worldwide, the cervical cancer mortality rate is