Human Population Lab Report

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

---If given traits and parents, be able to use a Punnett square or patterns to predict the probability of offspring for a given cross and express it as a fraction, percent, or ratio.---

This Punnet Square represents the F1 offspring breeding with each other to create more offspring. This second set of offspring is the F2 generation. If both parents are heterozygous dominant, then the offspring expected would be: 50% heterozygous dominant, 25% homozygous dominant and 25% homozygous recessive.

If it weren't for _____, chromosome number would double with every generation of sexual reproduction.

fitness does well in its habitat and passes those favorable alleles onto its offspring when it reproduces.

2. How will the alleles for these traits assort into the gametes that each parent might produce? (Hint: For a reminder on how alleles sort independently into gametes, refer to the illustration in Part 2, Question 2, in the Student Guide.)

An association between enzyme production, gene copy number, and gene evolution was explored by conducting analysis of the salivary amylase enzyme, AMY1A gene copy number, and the ancestral starch consumption in Homo Sapiens (Tracey 2017, p.22). It was hypothesized that the relative amount of starch consumption was very high for my personal ancestral diet, thus my AMY1 diploid gene copy number in my genome and salivary amylase concentration would be significantly higher than the population mean. With a population of 28 subjects (n=28), individual saliva samples were collected and compared to a calibration curve to determine the approximate amylase concentration by analyzing absorbance values. Individual samples of buccal cheek cells were

To get the results of this experiment I had to use the Lincoln-Peterson Equation, and the Percent Error equation. To find the estimate population size using the Lincoln-Peterson Equation I had to use the number given in the first attempt which was 20 tester organisms I captured, and the number of organisms I captured from the second attempt which was 18 organisms and out of those only 8 were testers.

You are also provided with a heterozygous female, and a homozygous recessive male for a genetic cross. In this particular female, all the dominant alleles are on one chromosome, and the recessive counterparts are on the other homologous chromosome. Due to a chromosomal condition, in the female no recombination occurs between the M and N loci. Normal recombination occurs between the L and M loci. Diagram this cross, and show the genotypes and frequencies of all offspring expected from this cross.

33. What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring in the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-2?

7. Again, set the number of offspring to the maximum of 6. Then, click the Cross button repeatedly until these parents have produced about 100 F1 offspring.

This approach is beneficial to females that exhibit polyandry traits because remating will reduce exposure by biased fertilization against gametes that will reduce direct fitness of the females. In order to test this hypothesis, Price and his team examined the revolutionary response of remating rate to the presence on a population of the fruit fly D. Pseudoobscure being affected with the selfish gene SR (sex ratio), and X-chromosome meiotic which causes the developmental failure of all sperm bearing a Y chromosome. This causes males to carry fewer sperm and have only daughters. In this scenario, it is believed females will benefit and have higher fitness if they avoid mating with SR males because they are poor sperm competitors relative to unaffected males. The team hypothesized that females of this population will evolve high rates of remating to promote sperm competition and thus reduce the average paternity of SR males and the reproduction of this selfish gene that would reduce their direct

Kin selection relates to evolutionary advantage according to Hamilton's rule, C/B < b. The ratio of the cost, C (which is the expected loss in reproductive success for the doer) to the benefit for the recipient, B (the gain in reproductive success for the must be less than the probability that the recipient has the same allele, for the altruist gene to survive (5).

The pairs of alternative traits examined segregated among the progeny of a particular cross, some individuals exhibiting one traits, some the other

The most popular technique in evolutionary computation research has been the genetic algorithm. In the traditional genetic algorithm, the representation used is a fixed-length bit string. Each position in the string is assumed to represent a particular feature of an individual, and the value stored in that position represents how that feature is expressed in the solution. Usually, the string is “evaluated as a collection of structural features of a solution that have little or no interactions”. The analogy may be drawn directly to genes in biological organisms. Each gene represents an entity that is structurally independent of other genes. The main reproduction operator used is bit-string crossover, in which two strings are used as parents and new individuals are formed by swapping a