Human Subjects : The Current Proposal Involves Testing

Evers, D. J., B. Hendricks, G. Lucassen, and T. Ruers. "Optical Spectroscopy: Current Advances and Future Applications in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy." NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8 Mar. 2012. Web. 13 Sept. 2015.

DNA microarray is a grid that is composed of spots that contains uniform DNA strands. DNA microarrays are used to identify which genes are expressed on a given cell type.

DNA Profiling exists in blood, bone, hair follicles, saliva, semen, skin and sweat. They are the same in every cell and retain their distinctiveness throughout an individual’s lifetime.

Every day DNA technology becomes more advanced and innovative, for example can match the smallest amounts of biological evidence to a criminal offender. Future DNA techniques will be applied to existing systems and testing methods that will become more automated and will be more effective and less time consuming. Instead of waiting months of DNA results the future will provide instantaneous means for DNA profile development.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says as many as 4 million people could be infected in the next year in America. Subsequently, “On January 27th, Brazilian health officials reported a total of 4,180 cases since October 2015, and 287 more cases more cases a week earlier.” (Rosen 16). Health officials take a lot of time investigating many cases that have appeared in more than 20 countries, including the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The amount is rising more and more. In addition, the only places that were recorded to not receive the mosquito-borne virus were Canada and Chile, because of their lack of a large mosquito population. However, what does that mean for the

Dating back to 1965, seventy-five prisoners at Holmesburg prison in Pennsylvania were purposely exposed to a poisonous agent. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dioxin, a potentially harmful substance. Dermatologist Dr. Albert Kligman, exposed prisoners to a dosage 468 times greater than the required dosage for the experiment. All evidence has been destroyed; however, participants are still experiencing dermatologic issues. As a result of research and experiments like these conducted in prisons, the Department of Health,

The Dengue virus is currently the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection in the world. Yearly, it brings 50 million infections and a minimum of 1200 deaths. Originally, Dengue fever was transmitted to apes and monkeys by the Aedes stegomia mosquito, and rarely directly to humans. The main reason Dengue has been spreading increasingly over the past 25 years is because of the urbanization of tropical environments. The destruction of the jungles for habitation put humans in close range of the natural Dengue hosts, causing an outbreak of the virus in the human species (Macklin, 2014). In this case, the human impact on the viruses was the human interference with the environment in which this virus

The country is malaria-free and only a few cases of dengue fever borne by mosquitoes are recorded every year within the local population

Human experimentation has gone on for years. People have often gotten medicines and other great medical advances but they are not ethical. Imagine being forced to test how radiation affects humans or try untested medicines than may as well kill you, in hopes that you'll live to get the cash reward, or even be an uninformed hospital patient being used to test a particular disease with no cure. There was nothing ethical about the torture some of these innocent people have endured, yet the people thought they were for the greater good of “science.” Kids were told that they were bad at speech and things like that in order to prove a point,”in the name of science.” Again, there is nothing ethical about these procedures, and there are so many reasons,

There is no vaccine to help prevent Zika. There is also currently no formal medication to treat the disease. Therefore, it is best to treat the symptoms. In addition, get a good amount of rest, prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids, and take medication that reduces fever or pain such as paracetamol or acetaminophen (Tylenol®). When taking medication, do not take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) like aspirin. NSAIDS could increase the risk of bleeding if dengue has not been ruled out. It is also important to talk to your healthcare provider before taking any medication if you are already taking medication for a separate

While dengue-like fever was the main sequelae thought to be caused by the virus, the recent outbreaks have shown a notable increase in neurological sequelae. The neurological commitment of the virus goes far beyond what was previously thought—with its potential link to autoimmune CNS infections (Guillain-Barré, osteomyelitis), neurodegenerative diseases, and microcephaly/subsequent development of mental retardation when infected in the fetus. This complex gamut of neuropathological responses has hence, and rightly so, taken to the forefront of research studies on the virus. The amount of evidence linking the virus and neurological disorders is largely anecdotal thus far, and to establish a definitive causative link, research needs to shift back to basic science.

I am Marina Isabel Carpenter, I will be representing the opposition side in the following debate. I feel that human experimentation is wrong, but I know vaccines can help with some illness.

The pEC86 plasmid with cytochrome c maturation system was co-expressed in E. coli cells to support the production of recombinant RpNiR (Han et al., 2012). Subsequently, the cells were harvested and yielded dark brown pellets, which were resuspended in buffer. The extracted mixture was loaded onto DEAE column and then a gel filtration column for purification. This has resulted in a light brown/red protein, which was expected to be rather dark red due to the presence of haem. The SEC uses UV-visible at specific wavelengths to detect the presence of RpNiR protein as shown in figure

Yellow fever is a viral tropical disease that is transmitted from infected mosquitos. It is primarily endemic in Africa and South America and while there are vaccinations to prevent contracting yellow fever, there is no known cure. The only treatment options are to combat the fever, muscle pain, and dehydration that result from the first and third stage of the disease. There have been no reported cases of yellow fever in 2014 in America and the country is considered a yellow fever free country; although there have been cases of it being brought back by unvaccinated tourists. Fifteen percent of patients with yellow fever progress to the more dangerous third stage of infection which involves: jaundice (yellowing of the skin), seizures, hemorrhaging, and high fevers with fatality rates around 50% according to WHO estimates. It is a fascinating disease epidemiologically because it has great potential to become a major health issue in America, considering immunity from

The isolated DNA plasmid is quantitated using UV absorbance and SYBR Green fluorescent methods. The concentration of plasmids 1 and 2, using UV absorbance, was established to be 3227 µg/mL and 3951 µg/mL, respectively. This method also determines the 260/280 ratio for plasmid 1 which was 1.390 and for plasmid 2 which was 1.342. Furthermore, the plasmids are both contaminated with proteins. The SYBR Green fluorescent method is more accurate than the UV absorbance method since it is more specific for double-stranded DNA molecules. Therefore, the SYBR Green assay results are lower than those obtained in the UV absorbance and are estimated to be 163 µg/mL and 202 µg/mL,