Hundred Years War Research Paper

Wars were also part of the crisis, notably the Hundred Years War between England and France. In 1328 the French Capetian line ended. England’s Edward III (d.1377) claimed the French throne, but a cousin to the Capets, Philip of Valois, became king (d.1350). War soon began. Armored knights on horseback were the backbone of medieval armies, but English peasants using the longbow had begun to change the face of war. When the French king was captured, a treaty was signed in 1360: France agreed to pay ransom, the English received land in France, and Edward renounced his claim to the throne. Using guerilla tactics, the French regained their lands, but in 1415 England’s Henry V (d.1422)

In July 1758, the British won their first major victory at Louisbourg, near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. Within a month, they took Fort Frontenac at the western end of the river. Then they arrived at Quebec, where General James Wolfe won another important victory in the Plains of Abraham in September 1759. However, both he and the French commander, the Marquis de Montcalm, died soon after the battle. When the British captured Montreal in September 1760, the French lost their last foothold in Canada. Soon, Spain decided to help France fight against England, and throughout the rest of the war Britain focused on capturing French and Spanish territories in other places throughout the world. The cost of funding the war was so massive that the ensuing debt nearly destroyed the British government. This debt caused most of the grievances between the British and the colonists, eventually leading to the Revolutionary War.

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession to the French throne. Once this war was over people were able to travel without having an immediate threat because no one was roaming the sea.

The four stages of the Thirty Years' War, which was fought mostly in the Holy Roman Empire (modern Germany), involved nearly all of the major powers of Europe, and was a war that used religion as a cover-up for politics. The war caused the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, and the rise of France as the new power in Europe. During the war new technologies also were used. The Thirty Year's War was ended by the peace of Westphalia in 1648.

France won the war and made the French people feel like they could be invincible. The English said this about the French, “ In the beginning they passed not a hundred in number they said how the noblemen of the realm of France, knights, and squires, shamed the realm, and that it should be a great wealth to destroy them all: and each of them said it was true,” (doc 2). From the point of view of the English, they thought they were higher than the English and were stronger and would win the war. After 116 years, when the war ended, the French were on top, showing their strength. Joan of Arc was unique because not only was a female that led the French army, but she led it because she said God told her to.

1. What were the underlying and precipitating causes of the Hundred Years’ War? What advantages did each side have? Why were the French able to drive the English almost entirely out of France?

The battle had a huge impact on the war in North America. The remaining French troops attempted to re-take Quebec but were unable due to lack of siege equipment and reinforcements. French forces retreated to their last Canadian stronghold - Montreal. Montreal, in turn, surrendered on the 8th of September 1760. Following the capture of Montreal, French resistance had collapse, and there were no more real threats to the new British territories of North America. In the treaty of Paris, which officially ended the 7 years war in North America, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain to compensate for Spain’s losses, and regained Guadeloupe and Martinique as well as Saint Pierre and Miquelon and fishing rights in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence.

For more than a hundred years, the Kingdom of England and the House of Valois of France found themselves locked in war for the French throne. The hundred and sixteen year series of battles took place from 1337 to 1453, with historians often separating it into three phases: the Edwardian Era (1337- 1360), the Caroline War (1369- 1389), and the Lancastrian War (1415- 1453). Despite English success that lasted the majority of the conflict, and was revived by Henry V, the war resulted a French victory but high casualty losses on both sides. Beyond this, the war was not only limited to the two belligerents, but also involved Scotland, Spain, and the Low Countries, such as Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg (Villalon). The French victory and resurgence are mostly accredited to the arrival of Joan of Arc and, subsequently, the unity of the French after her execution by the English. Despite this, the question of the significance of Joan of Arc in the context of ending the Hundred

It is true that history is written by the victors. While it is commonly agreed that the French army heavily outnumbered the English, the exact numbers are open to debate. Undoubtedly, as the years passed and Agincourt became the perfect never-give-up example, it is quite possible that the numbers advantage the French had wasn’t as large as initially seen. Anne Curry, in her book Agincourt: A New History, maintains that the actual advantage the French had was roughly 12,000 to 9,000, rather than the 4:1 ratio most historians argue for (Curry 192). If this is

For the majority of the war France had the upper hand and was thought to win. England did not have their first great victory until 1778 when they took Louisbourg. This was followed by another victory at Fort Frontenac a month later. This increased morale amongst the colonist and Englanders leading them to their victory in Quebec which lost France their last foothold in Canada. Spain soon joined France, and Britain spent the remainder of the war taking land from them across the world.

He best known for his significant role in the Hundred Years' War with France over the throne. The war began in 1337 with Edward's attempt to invade France, which resulted in his bankruptcy. Edward's role in the wars was eventually passed over to his son Edward, known as the Black Prince, who was an able military leader. Edward III and his wife Philippa of Hainault were popular amongst the people. Edward's good personality allowed him to gather support in the Hundred Years' War and his tactical and fighting abilities helped him win many of the

     The truce didn't last. In 1355, the war began again. In 1356 another major battle was fought at Poitiers and the French king was captured. English raids continued until 1360, when another truce was signed.

The Battle of Agincourt occurred in the middle Ages, on October 25, 1415. This battle is one of the most memorable and strategically fought battles between England and France. The Battle of Agincourt involved England and France near Agincourt. The Battle of Agincourt happened during the “Hundred Years War”. The hundred year War began in 1337 and ended in 1453. The hundred years war actually lasted 116 years. The Hundred Years war included England, France and later Burgundy. Sometimes England won the battles and sometimes France won (Keegan 79).

Between 1428 and 1429 during the Hundred Years’ War between France and England, the city of Orleans was besieged by English forces. The 5000 English soldiers lead by Thomas de Montecute, attacked for months. Around this time, Joan of Arc Appeared in at the court of Charles, and lifted the siege in 1429. This was the major turning point for the French in the war.

King Henry V sought to regain some French territory lost in the Hundred Year War and set out on a 120 mile journey to Maisoncelles where the English came head to head, or 300 yards, with the French. The English bowmen enticed the French to action and when the French responded they were met at the English line which consisted of three groups and archers on the right and left. Keegan goes on to tell of how the different groups of warriors affected each other: the archers versus the cavalry and infantry, the cavalry versus infantry, and infantry versus infantry. The worse effect must have been on the French soldiers that after the order was given to kill all survivors unless they were rich, noblemen, or worth a ransom.