Hurricane Vertical Mixing

Hurricanes are a tropical cyclone, which means a rotation of closed low-level circulation of clouds and thunderstorms that originate from tropical and subtropical waters. Hurricanes are categorized by five categories, which determine the wind speed, the surge, and the pressure of a storm. These five categories help people be aware of how dangerous hurricanes can be: 1-minimal, 2-moderate, 3-extensice, 4-extrme, 5-catastrophic. Categories 1 and 2 have winds between 74-110 miles per hour, with a flow of 4-8 feet of water, and a sea level pressure of 980-979 millibars.

Natural disasters occurring from the climate change could be on the rise. Global warming has been rumored to be causing more hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, heavier monsoonal rains that cause major flooding, mud slides, and other disasters worldwide. A tropical cyclone, also referred to as hurricanes, typhoons, or cyclones, depending on where in the world the cyclone is occurring, are one of the world’s grandest shows of energy provided by nature. Hurricanes are large, swirling, low pressure storms that have sustained winds of over 74 miles an hour and are formed over warm ocean waters (NASA, n.d.). The purpose of this paper is to discuss hurricanes

Have you ever heard tropical storms pushing winds up to 200 mph and causing destruction everywhere? A true beast of nature we call a hurricane. These hurricanes can show up at any time to make a mess of things. To fully understand hurricanes we have to peer into the history, calculate the physics, plot the storm’s movements and actions, respect the power of such storms, and prepare ourselves if a storm is headed our way.

Hurricanes are large, twirling storms that bring strong winds that can blow up to 74 mph or higher. There are two main ingredients that hurricanes need to form, warm water, and consistent winds. If a hurricane does form, it will include the eye, which is the clam center of the storm, around that there is the eye wall which is normally the strongest part of the storm, on the edges of the hurricane are the rainbands, which are swirling “arms” of clouds, rain, and thunderstorms, they can stretch out from the eye for hundreds of miles. After a hurricane forms it is tracked by meteorologists, and other scientists researching the storms, these people categorize it using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, this scale is measured in five categories, category one has winds 74-95 mph, category two has winds 96-110 mph, category three has winds 111-129 mph, category four 130-156 mph, and finally category five has 157 mph winds and higher.

Forecasting hurricanes has two components to it: where the hurricane is going (track) and how strong it is going to be (intensity). Hurricane forecasting has improved over time, “In 1992, hurricane forecasts were issued to only three days, but now they are issued to five—and soon they will be given for up to a week” (Main). Predicting hurricanes is extremely difficult, but the development of faster computers and better satellite data has decreased the error percentage of forecasting hurricanes. Meteorologists had been using the limited technology to try and forecast the hurricane before it hit, but the advancement in technology has made forecasting hurricanes more accurate.

A hurricane needs a couple of components to survive. One of them is warm water and the other is winds going the same direction. If a hurricane didn’t have either of those, it wouldn’t last very long or be destructive. Scientists categorize hurricanes by its wind speed using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. There are 5 categories for a hurricane and each can do dangerous damage. A category 1 hurricane would have winds of 119 to 153 km per hour (or 74 to 95 mph). A category 2 hurricane would have winds going from 154 to 177 km per hour (96 to 110 mph). A category 3 hurricane has winds of 178 to 208 km per hour (111 to 129 mph). A category 4 hurricane has winds of 209-251 km per hour (130 to 156 mph). And finally, a category 5 hurricane has

Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons, these cyclonic storms are known by many names but are all born from the same mechanism: low pressure systems. Also known as depressions. Thankfully, most hurricanes form only during hurricane season, which is from June 1st to November 30th. Within this season about 85 percent of the most intense hurricanes and 60 percent of minor Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes originate from African easterly waves (NOAA Cyclone Report). These waves, which have a wavelength of 2000 to 2500 kilo-meters, originate close to or from the highlands of Ethiopia, Africa. Not all easterly waves become hurricanes, but the ones that do travel

Hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer or the early fall. It often occurs with thunder and lighting; the energy that a hurricane can release in one day is enough energy to meet the entired United States electricity needed for six months. Hurricane is a huge storm and also the natural desaster. The increase temperature of the Alantic ocean is the direct cause of Hurricane Katrina. According to New York Times, “The hurricane knocked out power and running water and sent the temperatures inside above 100 degrees.”

A hurricane is a huge, swirling storm with winds ranging from 74 MPH to over 155 MPH (Manolis 5, 10-11). The name ‘hurricane’ comes from the name of the god of evil and wind (Gibbons 3, Woods and Woods 6). A hurricane starts when warm, evaporated water rises at the eye. This air spins upwards and sucks up more water and water vapor. If the temperature of the water gets up to or more than 81 degrees Fahrenheit, the winds get stronger, and cumulonimbus clouds are formed. The whole

Hurricanes only form on warm ocean waters of about 80°F. This is why it is common in the tropics where temperatures are high all year round. Hurricanes also need wind action to form. Warm air, together with moisture from evaporation from the ocean surface rises, creating low pressure on the water surface, which is immediately substituted by cooler air. This process continues, and the resulting moisture-laden clouds begin to expand. Thunderstorms with rains form.

The final stage in the development of a hurricane is known as the cyclone or the hurricane step. The cyclone’s winds are now more powerful than ever before in its earlier stages, at 74 mph and above. The hurricane has also grown in the sense of height and width, now being around 50,000 feet high, and 125 miles across. In addition to these lengths, the hurricane’s eye is in the range of five and 30 miles wide. When the hurricane reaches land, it will weaken because it does not have the necessary ingredients to continue to grow and survive (SciJinks, 2016).

In order to determine if global warming is having an impact on hurricanes, we must first understand what natural variations and connections may be occurring. This means that we must examine past changes in climate and see how hurricanes have been affected. This will allow us to remove the natural variability from the trend and just focus on the human changes. Briefly, these are the studies that will be looked at in this review. Goldberg et al. examined the link between SSTs in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and hurricane activity, as well as a link between the vertical shear of the horizontal wind and hurricane activity (2001). Emanuel determined the “Power Dissipation Index” (PDI) of hurricane seasons and compared them to SST values (2005). Webster et al. looked at global changes in the number of hurricanes and their intensity over the past 35 years (2005). A common theme throughout these studies is that they all examine the effects of SST. This review will look at the various ways that these studies approach this issue, and the conclusions that each study comes to.

But as shown in our airborne results it peaked with maximum sustained wind speed about 140 mph. The airborne hurricane tracking is an important method compared with the space borne method, which is developed by NASA Marshall Space Flight center to provide high resolution measurements. , the wind speed and pressure in 16 October was the important time to track the hurricane. According to the analysis of all data collected in 3 consecutive days for several hours. This result will extend for future models and simulations based on location, pressure and wind speed. This information is much related so it should be collected as soon as possible with higher resolution in all steps and adjacent locations to the eyewall of the hurricane []

Temperatures tend to decrease as longitude increases in the northeast direction. One might expect to have the greatest hurricane development in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico based solely on temperature distribution. Warmer sea surface temperatures provide energy for the maintenance of hurricanes, and that becomes evident when Hurricane Katrina increases from a Tropical Depression to a Category 1 Hurricane. Sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico, notably in Katrina’s trajectory have temperatures over 30° C. Hurricanes derive most

Civil engineers from Colorado State University discovered an effective way to identify and predict hurricane impacts. Hussam Mahmoud an associate professor of the civil and environmental engineering department and Stephanie Pilkington a graduate civil engineering student created a hurricane impact level model that estimates damages caused by storms before they occur. In the article, Mahmoud explains that wind speeds are not the main cause of hurricanes. Other impacts caused by flooding and precipitation combined with population density and quality of infrastructure are the main causes of hurricane activity.