Hutchison Whampoa Ltd

With different level of the debt of the company according to Exhibit 3, we would predict by comparing to its peer Warner. Lambert Company at 32.4% debt to total capital ratio still maintain at weak AAA level. AHP had much better financial performance e.g. Earnings per Share and Return on Equity. With 50% Debt to Total Equity ratio, AHP may receive lower rating at AA level and we do not expect them to go lower than BBB rating even with 70% Debt to Total Equity

Debt ratio percentages increased for Company G from 28.34% to 29.94%. Industry quartile is 30, 45 and 66 percent, putting Company G below average. Debt Ratio represents strength for Company G.

Balance Sheet – Our cash position at March 31, 2016 was at 95.9 Days of Cash on Hand, although there were 44.3 offsetting days in third-party reserves. Days in Accounts Receivable were at 60.6 days due to several staff vacancies. Our current Debt Service Coverage Ratio was at 4.20-to-1, well in excess of the minimum covenant requirement

A long-term financial plan begins with strategy. Typically, the senior management team conducts an analysis of the markets in which the firm competes. Managers try to identify ways to protect and increase the firm’s competitive advantage in those markets. For example, the first priority of a firm that competes by achieving the lowest production cost in an industry might be to determine whether it should make additional investments in manufacturing facilities to achieve even greater production efficiencies. Of course, being the low-cost producer is difficult if the firm’s fixed assets are chronically underutilized. This type of firm therefore will spend a

First of which, is the current ratio. It has been rapidly declining since 2000. To me this indicates that there is a liquidity issue. Each year their trade debt increase exceeds the increase of net income for the company. As a result, the working capital has taken a nosedive from $58,650 in 2002 to only $5,466 in 2003.

Currency risk is the potential risk of loss from fluctuating foreign exchange rates when an investor has exposure to foreign currency or in foreign-currency traded investments.

Due to this, our finance strategy was to fund these activities in R&D, production and marketing by taking loans (long-term & short-term debts), in the initial rounds. At the same time, we took care to implement all the steps to avoid emergency loans.

Economic exposure is the change in expected cash flows arising because of an unexpected change in exchange rates. Aside from existing obligations of the firm which will be settled in foreign currencies at

WorldCom has the option to extend its bank loan credit facility or to issue this large $6 billion in debt. It plans to use the rolling commercial paper program to pay British Telecommunications for MCI’s share purchases, and then use bond proceeds to pay off the commercial paper program. This signals that WorldCom does not need the money immediately for a single corporate purpose, and does not need the money immediately. Therefore, perhaps it makes sense for WorldCom to issue the bonds in smaller installments rather than flooding the market with $6 billion in debt all at once. The first reason for this is that, if an underwriter must first purchase the bonds before selling to investors, an underwriter may demand greater spread in order to justify taking down an entire $6 billion in debt using the bank’s capital assets. The second

Exhibit 7 from the case study describes the currency development in medium term of the GBP and EURO against the dollar. We can observe that the currencies are exposed to high volatility, which means the company may register greater risk

This report is created with a discussion over several important international finance topics for instance, interest-rate parity, currency risk management, regarding description on Carrefour S.A. financing policies as well as hedging strategy. Additionally, we also discussed on which currency Carrefour should issue its 10-year, 750 million euro, annual coupon bond, its foreign currency risk exposure and a possible hedging decision in dealing with any or all of the identified risks.

In terms of financial flexibility, a relatively high interest coverage ratio (ICR) of 36.8 supports the company’s ability to Flexibility take on more debt. Especially by comparing the ratio with its peers, such ratio seems to match with its risk aversion philosophy. Agency Cost of Debt

The second ratio to evaluate is Debt-To-Total Assets Ratio, which is calculated as total debt divided by total assets. Halliburton’s debt-to-total assets of .43 has improved from the 2009 ratio of .47 and the 2008 ratio of .46 given it a stronger position in the industry. The low level shows very manageable debt allowing Halliburton to take advantage of the rising demand for oil and

The long-term liquidity risk ratio such as LT debt/Equity, D/E, and Total Liabilities to Total Assets all show a decline from year 2005 due to the repayment of debts. The interest coverage ratio also shows a healthy number of 29.45 in comparison to the industrial average of 15.04 indicating a high ability to pay out its interest expense. Such a low relative risk is not surprising due to the nature of its business depending heavily in R&D development and large intangible assets.

When investing internationally there are risks beyond the risk of individual securities or portfolios. There is liquidity risk, because it is often