Hv Assignment

This research paper is going to review today’s silent killer, the Hepatitis C virus. This paper will talk about the description of the disease, the signs and symptoms, the etiology and risk factors, diagnostic studies, treatments and prognosis of this disease. I had lived with this disease for over ten years before diagnosed so it is important to understand the signs and symptoms so the disease can be identified and a treatment plan can be identified as the sooner it is treated the more likely it will eradicate the disease.

Hepatitis C virus is considered 10 times more infectious than HIV when comparing transmission by blood to blood contact (Wilkinson

Hepatitis C contamination additionally expands the danger of creating liver disease just like hepatitis B. Until the 1980 's, hepatitis C virus (HCV) was known as non-A non-B hepatitis. The underlying disease may have side effects, yet a critical number of individuals don 't have side effects. Not at all like hepatitis B, in which the ailment does not frequently get to be constant, have around 80% of individuals with hepatitis C built up an endless disease. As the invulnerable framework keeps on assaulting the infection after some time, fibrosis grows, in the end prompting cirrhosis. This unending aggravation can likewise prompt liver growth. This infection is spread through tainted blood, for example, with transfusions and IV drug misuse, however numerous individuals don 't have evident danger components for the sickness. It is currently suggested that

Transmission of Hepatitis B from mother to neonate typically results in chronic hepatitis, whereas infection during adulthood usually results in lifelong protective immunity. In the case of an acute infection of HBV, within one month, HBV DNA can be detected in the blood. Approximately 10–15 weeks after infection, serum Alanine Amniotransferase (ALT) levels start to rise, which points toward a liver

The Hepatitis C virus is transmitted primarily through blood contact with an infected carrier and is the most common chronic blood borne infection. This can

Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. It was discovered about twenty-eight years ago. The liver is very essential to life because it has many important functions in our bodies. Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus. Hepatitis C is not a virus that you can visibly see unless you run a blood test and discover it in the blood. Hepatitis C is contagious but it is treatable and is considered cured if the virus is no longer detectable in your blood. Considering that some of the Hepatitis C symptoms are similar to other viral symptoms, the doctor has to diagnose the patient to officially confirm the virus. Hepatitis C is easily spread and is most common in teenagers and adults. The most common ways to spread Hepatitis C is

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver disease and is the number-one bloodborne virus in the United States. HCV is a virus identified in 1989 that often results in chronic infection of the blood. This infection harms the human liver, resulting in low-grade inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the liver, cirrhosis, liver cancer and death (CDC, 2011; Pears, 2010). Approximately 1.3-1.9 percent of the population of the United States has been infected or is infected with HCV. HCV

     Hepatitis C affects approximately 1.8% of the population in the U.S. This accounts for nearly 4 million people. And this number is only growing. It

CDC 's national strategy to prevent HCV infection includes 1) prevention of transmission during high-risk activities (e.g., injection-drug use and unprotected sex with multiple partners) through risk-reduction counseling, testing, and appropriate medical management of infected persons; 2) donor screening and product inactivation procedures to eliminate transmission from blood, blood products, donor organs, and tissue; and 3) improved infection control practices to further reduce risk of transmission during medical procedures † (10).

Hepatitis C is a blood-borne pathogen that is expected to cause over 190,000 deaths between 2010 and 2019.1 HIV is about 5 times less common than hepatitis C virus (HCV) and in 2007 deaths due to HCV surpassed those due to HIV. The infection is more common in populations of high-risk (the homeless and prisoners) who predominantly do not participate in surveys, therefor the number infected with HCV is actually higher than reported. There are a number of risk factors for the infection, but injection-drug use is number one.

Markers of HCV infection are found in 80 to 90% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan, 44 to 66% in Italy, and 30 to 50% in the United States (El-Serag and Rudolph,2007). It has been projected that cases of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma will continue to increase over the next two to three decades (El-Serag

Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is one of the many chronic illnesses that disproportionately affect the 2 million persons currently incarcerated in US jails and prisons. (ACA, 2015). HCV is most frequently acquired through exposure to infected blood in persons who injected drugs any time in their lifetime. Offenders are statistically at increased risk for bloodborne pathogen infections such as HCV because of the strong association of chronic addiction and criminal behavior. Correctional health care systems have more patients with HCV infection, on a percentage basis, than any other major health care system in the United States.

HCV is an enveloped single stranded RNA virus and belongs to the genus Hepacivirus of the family Flaviviridae (Irshad el al., 2013). Analysis has identified 6 different types of HCV genotypes numbered 1 to 6 (Pawlotsky, 2003). Genotype 1 is the common type of HCV currently in the United States (Irshad el al., 2013). Differentiating between the genotypes when determining the which antiviral regimen to treat the patient with. Humans are the only known natural host for HCV (Pawlotsky, 2003). HCV is a non-cytopathic virus that enters the liver cell and replicates causing hepatocytes necrosis by several mechanisms by immune mediated cytolysis and metabolic changes including hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and insulin resistance

Hepatitis C has been referred to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it usually progresses slowly over many years. Most people who are infected with hepatitis C are not aware of any noticeable symptoms for as long as one to two decades after they are infected. In fact, by the time symptoms appear, the virus has probably already begun to damage the liver. If the liver is injured and stops functioning, death will always be the outcome (Lieber). Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver transplants in the United States.

Globally, an estimated 150 million people have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is the major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and one of the most common indications for liver transplantation (Simmonds, 2004).There is serious concern about the growing problem of the HIV and HCV prevalence in Africa, where the major route of transmission of HIV is through the sexual route. Co-infection with HCV and HIV is common due to shared routes of transmission – via blood and blood products and sharing of needles for injecting drugs. About 40 million people are estimated to be infected with HIV worldwide of which approximately 4-5 million are co-infected with HCV (Alter, 2006). Co-infection with HIV and HCV are common due to shared routes of transmission, however, there are differences in the ways that these viruses are transmitted in the developed and developing countries (Ocama and Seremba, 2011).