Hwr203's Argumentative Advantage

Did you know that the average American household uses 400 gallons of water per day? With most of it being used in the bathroom for bathing, toilet flushing, handwashing and brushing of teeth! Other common uses for water include laundry, dishwashing, drinking, cooking, car washing and even watering of lawns. Where does this water go? A small portion will go back into the earth but most of it will flow through a sewer system heading to a sewage treatment plant to eventually be reused. In California, we get our water from a surface water source, coming from a river, lake, or reservoir. With the yearly average amount of rain and snow at 30 inches and shrinking per year, this makes water recycling a priority in today’s efforts on conservation. So, what is recycled water?

Recycling water is an effective way to save water. Recycling water is making wastewater into water people can safely use to water their crops, use in the toilet, and even for drinking. Dirty wastewater is pumped through pipes where they are filtered and exposed to ultraviolet light to remove bacteria and other molecules that are not water. The Sacramento Bee states that, “The Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District currently pumps out about 1,000 acre-feet of recycled water a year to parks and schools in areas of Elk Grove near its treatment plant in southern Sacramento County” (Sangree). Creating safe water from the wastewater, which the state usually pumps out, is a smart and efficient process of supplying their cities with clean water. Not only is recycling water a

“Israel now gets 55 percent of its domestic water from desalination, and that has helped to turn one of the world’s driest countries into the unlikeliest of water giants.” (Jacobsen) Desalination is not a new idea it has been around for along time as far back as Aristotle in the 4th century and re emerging again the 1800s. Desalination is probably not going to be the magic solution to California 's drought problem at least not completely after all even the world’s biggest desal plants are only supplemental. The plants tend to not make enough water to support an entire population. Israel 's desal plant provide enough water for 2.8 million people, but California 's population is five times as bigger than israel 's and our agricultural industry is about thirty two times bigger. It can also be twice as expensive as treating other water sources due to having to heat the water. And there is also the problem of what to do with the leftover water or brine. Apparently you can’t just dump it back into the ocean as it could cause death to the nearby sea creatures due to it being too salty.

However, due to the long lasting drought in California we should heavily consider this method of producing clean water. In other parts of the world such as China, India, Australia, Spain and more they have been able to produce nearly fourteen billion gallons of drinking water through this process. The largest desalination plant in the world is located in Saudi Arabia and produces two hundred and seventy three million gallons of drinking water per day. If the United States is able to perfect this, it could fix the situation. Amanda Little does an excellent job of sharing a wide array of perspectives of desalination in her article “Can Desalination Counter The Drought”. For instance she describes the discusses the standpoint of the executive director of the California Coast keeper Alliance, Sara Aminzadeh, as she argues, “It’s just not a good option from a cost and energy standpoint.” She goes on to say, “Desalination may seem like a panacea, but it’s the worst deal out there.” Although this method may not be cost or energy efficient, this may be the only plausible method of producing clean water. As seen in Saudi Arabia this is an efficient form of creating clean water and due to the lack of resources, this may be California’s last

With the Pacific Ocean lining the California coast line some may ask why can’t sea water be filtered and used as a source of free water. This is actually an alternative that has been researched and even put into use in places such as the Netherlands, Aruba, the Middle East and even right here in the U.S. This process is called desalinating seawater. Saltwater in its pure form cannot be used for drinking water and is deadly to plants, however if it goes through the process of desalinating it can be used. With California desperate for water Carlsbad, California decided to construct a desalinating plant. An article on NBCNEWS website states that the plant can produce “50 million gallons of freshwater a day from the sea and pour it into a water system that serves 3.1 million people”

California is in a drought and has been for the last three years. Southern California especially is affected by the drought that is now become a regular occurrence with no end in sight. With decreased rainfall and a steadily growing population, Southern California residents now have to make an effort to conserve the renewable resource that is water. Everyone uses water and humans, like all mammals, requires water for survival. With increased demand and decreased supply, water companies now charge more for water than ever before. Water companies can also use this as a way to educate the customers who habitually overuse water with the goal of persuading them to conserve the limited resources available. Recycled water is a more sustainable alternative, however even after treating and purifying that water, it would be still unsafe to drink, and even if it were, no one in their right mind would want to pay to drink what is a essentially sewer water.

Some ways we recycle our water is by using it to water golf fields, ball fields, and parks. We also reuse water but putting it in ponds and other streams for our aquatic wildlife ecosystems. We preserve our water by putting it in underground aquifers. We make our water reusable at water reclamation factories that make them clean enough to put them places safely. In conclusion, we use water a lot so it’s a big priority to make sure we don’t waste it. Without our water, our way of living will become a lot harder. Farm food prices will go up because it’ll cost more to use the water to make the

As a consequence of the ongoing California drought, cities across the state have been forced to pull water from alternate sources aside from their own. Shortages of rain and snowfall have prompted the people of California to extract water from reservoirs and basins that are getting increasingly close to running dry. Unfortunately, this issue is especially prevalent in Southern California where the population is quickly out growing the area’s fresh water supply. The general problem is that Southern California is lacking the fresh water supply necessary to sustain its inhabitants. The specific problem is that the Southern half of the state is not located near a secondary source of fresh water, unlike the northern part of the

This topic has a lot of correlation to what we have been discussing in class, and the assigned reading- in the sense that water is the basis of life on earth. Many people have the mindset (including myself before the tour) that we will never run out of water. This leads to an exaggeration of water being wasted whether it be from: washing dishes, taking long showers, running water when not using it. I learned from the treatment facility that they collect over 80 million gallons of wastewater a day! It also takes a lot of energy to be able to treat the water. I was surprised to learn the reclaimed water is used to feed parks, golf courses and even used agricultural purposes. This is important, and just like public transportation, should be funded and be labeled as high priority. The reason it should be funded more is because why waste the little fresh water we have left on places that don’t necessarily need them?

With the water crisis being seen around the world, even right here in the United States, we need to explore other options to supply fresh water to the residents. One State, in particular, that raises concern is the state of California. An alternative method to supply water to residents could be the process of desalination. Desalination is when fresh water is made by using either seawater or brackish and eliminating the minerals and salts as a way to make the water safe for human and agriculture uses ( Kesieme et al., 2013). In recent years, we have seen an increase the in the number of desalination plants around the United States (fig 1). However, is the process of desalination the answer for the water crisis going on in California? As a

The Pure Water project, a project that plans to construct three recycling plants to produce San Diego’s water supply, only requires $3.5 billion to get started – inexpensive in comparison to the amount of money it takes to import, partially purify, and desalinate water. An example of the ever-growing expense of imported water can be found in the article “Council unanimously approves purifying sewage into drinking water”, which was published to UT San Diego on November 18, 2014. In this informational article, author David Garrick states, “Councilman Scott Sherman said San Diego must fight back against sharply rising costs of imported water.” Potable water is the best way to combat the increasing prices of imported water. Rather than relying on water from the Colorado River – San Diego’s main supplier – existing water can be purified and reused. In the same article, it is also stated that, “In addition, recycling wastewater… would allow the city to avoid spending about $2.1 billion in upgrades needed at the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant” (Garrick). As mentioned in the quotation, San Diego is already spending generous amounts of money on water. This can be remedied, however, with the implication of potable water, which costs significantly less. Another one of San Diego’s pricey water sources is desalination. Desalination is the high cost, high energy process of purifying salt water to make it drinkable. In the nonfiction article “OC Coastkeeper: San Diego Swindled By Desalination, Don’t Let OC Be Next”, published on February 3, 2016 to voiceofoc.org by author Ray Hiemstra, it is stated that, “San Diego is forced to pay for the most expensive water on the market whether they need it or not”, in reference to the desalination plant managed by

Using less water also puts less pressure on our sewage treatment facilities, and uses less energy for water supply to the grid.

California is having a drought and the Carlsbad plant thinks they have a way to fix this problem. Desalination is there solution to fix there drought in California . Desalination is when you take ocean water and take out the salt in the water. I don't think desalination is a good idea I believe that there are better ways to get drinking water.

Incredible water shortage in the Middle East region has compelled countries to reuse this water for many purposes. Treated wastewater can be used in agriculture, industry, recharging aquifers (Middle East Water Shortage). This method leads to conservation of traditional sources of water which further can be used “for meeting the demand for higher-quality water such as that for drinking, or for high value-added industrial and agricultural uses.” Also the climate fickleness’ influence will lessen by means of reuse. But there are few problems connected with leading treatment into usage. One of them are health and environmental risks (Baroudy 2005, 25-35). Purified in such way water contains bacteria, viruses and parasites (Middle East Water Shortage). Use of treated water can cause different infectious and gastrointestinal diseases. According to Baroudy even contact with this water sometimes can cause allergies and other dermatological illnesses (2005, 25-35). Another problem is that this water has some biological and chemical matter dissolved in it, which can obstruct soil pores. Clogged soil has less ability for leaking which leads to bad irrigation efficiencies (Middle East Water Shortage). But, of course, some standards with the purpose to limit these effects were elaborated. Toughening standards require financial investments (Baroudy 2005, 25-35). Process of waste treatment requires special equipment and construction of special water treatment

Communities located at the end of major waterways have long histories of producing potable water from river water sources that have circulated through multiple cycles of withdrawal, treatment, and discharge. Similarly riverbeds or percolation ponds may recharge underlying groundwater aquifers with wastewater-dominated water, which in turn is withdrawn by down-gradient communities for domestic water supplies. Planned indirect potable water reuse incorporates reclaimed water into the potable water supply without relinquishing control over the resource. The dominant applications of water reuse include agricultural irrigation, groundwater recharge, industrial reuse, environmental and recreational uses, and potable urban uses and domestic uses.