Hydrate Lab

A hydrate is a compound that is bonded with a certain number of water molecules. When heated, the water will be driven out, thus being left with an anhydrate. The anhydrate is the hydrate minus the water. The hydrate must be

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass in a hydrated salt, as well as to learn to handle laboratory apparatus without touching it. The hydrated salt, calcium carbonate, was heated with high temperature to release water molecules. Gravimetric analysis was used in this experiment to determine the percent by mass of water in a hydrated salt. The hypothesis of this experiment was accepted on the basis that the percent by mass of volatile water in the hydrated salt would be fewer than 30%. The percent by mass was determined by the mass of water loss devised by the mass of hydrated salt multiplied by total capacity

1. Place a small amount of wax from a birthday candle into a test tube. Heat gently over a burner flame until the wax melts completely; then allow

5. Zoom Out by clicking on the green arrow next to the Save button. Click on the Stockroom and then on the Clipboard and select Balloon Experiment N2. Again, set the temperature, pressure, and moles to 298 K, 1.00 atm, and 0.300 moles, respectively. You may have to click on the Units button to change some of the variables to the correct units. Repeat the experiment with this gas labeling the data link ‘Real Gas N2.’

Introduction: The purpose of this lab will be to determine the percent water in an unknown hydrate, determine the moles of water present in each mole of the unknown substance, and to use the molecular mass to find the empirical formula of a hydrate. In this lab and unknown hydrate will be heated two separate times over a Bunsen burner to remove as much water from the substance as possible, before and after heating the crucible the masses will be calculated and recorded for future reference. To participate in this lab it is important to know he formulas that will be worked with. The formula of the hydrate that will be used, Copper II Sulfate, is CuSo4 • 5H2O. Along with this, the formula used to calculate the percent water in the hydrate will

A hydrate is a chemical compound containing salt and water. Depending on the salt, there is a maximum amount of water molecules that can be absorbed by the salt. An anhydrous salt is when the hydrate loses water, which happens when the hydrate is heated

The substance evolved some in the form of color, turning from blue to white, however it’s overall consistency remained the same, despite the difference in mass. Conversely, some substances such as Epsom salt, do not undergo such a drastic alteration during the transformation to an anhydrous state. Due to the transformation of the hydrated copper sulfate to its original color upon adding water, it can be concluded that some hydrates do possess the capability of being rehydrated after dehydration and vice versa. Yet other substances, like sugar, do not possess this capability due to the fact its overall structure was changed upon applying heat. Applying heat to sugar involves the removal of water and an overall breakdown of the substance. Once broken down, the sugar does not possess the capability of reverting back to its’ original granule state, so it is an irreversible

Pre-Lab: A) Hydrate- a compound, typically a crystalline one, in which water molecules are chemically bound to another compound or an element. B) Water of hydration (crystallization)- water that is chemically combined with a substance to form a hydrate and can be expelled (as by heating) without essentially altering the composition of the substance. C) Dehydration- the loss or removal of water from something.

Fulfilling the purpose, after concluding this experiment, the formula of an unknown hydrate was able to be identified. In order to obtain the data needed to develop a response to the purpose, multiple measurements were collected. The mass of an evaporating dish was measured without copper (II) sulfate hydrate (before and after heating), then measured with copper (II) sulfate hydrate before heating and with anhydrous after heating. Initially, the mass of an evaporating dish was recorded, then the dish was heated and the mass was again recorded. Through this additional step of heating, it insured that no excess water remained in the dish which, as a result, would alter the data. Copper (II) sulfate hydrate was added to the dish and the mass was

An anhydrate is a compound in which all the water is released as vapor when the hydrate is heated.

Performing Qualitative analysis: Small amount of above prepared solution of unknown hydrate was taken separately in different test tubes reacted with given known aqueous solutions and reagents. 1. Reaction with Sodium sulfate: Few drops of sodium sulphate were added to the test tube. White precipitates were formed. 2.

An anhydrous compound is a compound that can form a hydrate but with all the water removed, usually by heat. A hydrate can become an anhydrous compound by heating. (For example CuSO4 . 5H2O would become CuSO4 because all the water has been removed.)

7) Complete procedure 5-6 for AEROBIC exercise for approximately 5 minutes. This is NOT anaerobic! Ensure you take heart rate at the end of your exercise, and every 30 seconds after until your heart rate AND breathing rate returns back to normal/rest

After the whole set up is done we will switch on the lamps, measure the initial length of water and start the stopwatch after as we see 2 or 3 bubbles (which signify process has started).

Hydrate-based CO2 separation is a new technology by which the exhaust gas containing CO2 is exposed to water under high pressure forming hydrates. The mechanism is based on the differences of phase equilibrium. Gas hydrates are crystalline solids, in which low molecular weight guest molecules are trapped inside cages of hydrogen-bonded water molecule. A given hydrate structure is typically determined by the size and shape of the guest molecule. Carbon dioxide is known to form structure I.