Hydraulic Fracking Essay

Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock layers deep within the earth.The dangers of fracking are the chemicals that go into fracking and how much water is used and contamination of city water. Some dangers of fracking are water usage. They use 2 to 5 million gallons of water. Not all of the chemicals are recovered from the ground. We only know of 8 out of 600 chemicals. To many chemicals are used and some a harmful. Fracking water usage is too high for instance one well can use 144,000,000million gallons of water. 50%-70% of the fracking fluid is left in the ground and isn’t biodegradable. The waste fluid that is outside in the sunlight evaporates and releases volatile organic compounds(Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at ordinary room temperature. Their high vapor pressure results from a low boiling point, which causes large numbers of molecules to evaporate or sublimate from the liquid or solid form of the compound and enter the surrounding air.) Due to the VOCs acid rain, ground level ozone and contaminated air. Ground level ozone is bad, but ozone up high in the atmosphere protects the earth from the Sun’s harmful rays.

Hydraulic fracking isn 't all good though, there are many controversial things about it. First off, water contamination is a hazard. There are many ways that the water supply could be contaminated by fracking. One way is by groundwater entering through cracks that fracking has made. The water solution that 's pumped into the ground is a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals. Water and sand make up 98% of the mixture, while the remaining 2% is chemicals. Although fracking companies have never realised the chemicals used, scientists studying wastewater have found many harmful additives. A few of these are benzene, toluene, and many acids, all of which pose huge threats to humans. For each fracking well, more than 8 million liters of

Hydraulic fracturing, also known as "Fracking", is drilling into the ground for gas. This process injects over 500 chemicals into the ground which sometimes reaches peoples water supply. When the water becomes polluted it can harm not only humans, but animals. In Gasland ,Josh Fox talks to people about their problems with Fracking and goes in depth about the damage it is doing.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique often administered by oil and gas companies in order to create fissures within subsurface shale formations. After a site is established, the initial step entails breaking through the soil and stone via a bit placed at the end of a drill. As the drill moves through the rock layers, it utilizes air pressure to drive fragmented rocks to the surface.The drill ceases immediately after it comes into contact with the first indication of fresh water. Once the drill is removed, cement is incorporated into the drilled hole in an effort to prevent contamination of the water source and as a safety measure.

According to Throupe, Ron, Robert A. Simons, and Xue Mao,“the oil and gas industry in the U.S. is an economic driver that has evolved over the last 20 years” (206). The overall topic of interest in this paper is hydraulic fracturing “fracking” in the United States. The academic culture is Social Sciences and my research will be focusing on the economy discipline. My research question is: How has oil fracking influenced the economy in the United States over time?

Natural gas is a fossil fuel trapped in between rocks and water bodies underground. Natural gas is formed underground from the deposit of organic matter over millions of years. Natural gas from the release of energy trapped in plants and animals. Plants and animals store energy from the sun in the form of carbon in the molecules of the plant or an animal. Once the plants and animals die they release energy from the accumulation of matter and heat. The varying amount of heat and pressure from the different types of biomass results in the formation of different fossils fuels and gas. Fossil fuels and gas move in between the rocks where they are trapped before extraction (Curtis

Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing involves the extraction of natural gas from deep below the ground. A shaft is drilled into the ground followed by a horizontal well hole that flows to the gas layer of the earth. The well is divided into smaller sections and these sections are fractured in sections. Fracking fluid (7 million litres of water is used, several thousand tonnes of sand and 200,000 tonnes of chemicals (de Rijke, 2013)) is then pumped into the ground at high velocity. Cracks are produced in the rocks, the sand in the mixture prevents cracks from closing again. The water is then pumped out and natural gas is now easily obtained. (BBC News, 2016). The first well was constructed in 1949 and as a result of a technology

Fracking process is a type of drilling water beneath the earth surface in order to access to natural gas and oil. A huge drill is used to pass through many layers of earth and rock that lie between us as the natural gas. The mixture is water, sand and certain chemicals forced into the rock at high pressure in order to force the gas out to where they can collect it. The drill can be driven into the earth either vertically or horizontally. Fracking began as an experiment in 1947 and has been used for 65 years. Fracking is a well stimulation technique which rock is fractured by a pressurized technique. The process of fracking help us improve access to gas that and also can help us get to new, previously unknown deposits of natural gas even if they are miles below the surface of the Earth. The process has pros and cons to it, first I’m going to talk about the pros , which Is an access of alternative source of fuel because the country need a lot of oil so it’s a good process to access all the fuels that we need in a large amounts. Reducing surface toxicity, many believed that fracking has transformed the energy situation in the U.S. this can also lower the taxes. Also pros of fracking is more jobs which in 2012 1.2 million people employed and made a positive impact of the economy. Moving on to the cons of the fracking process it requires a huge amount of water around 1 to 8 million gallons of water to complete the fracking. Possible water

Introduction and Background In the oil and gas industry, fracking is a major current issue that engineers are dealing with for the current state of the United states. Hydraulic fracking, or "fracking" is the process of drilling a well to the depth in the earth where shale rock is located. Once the drill bit reaches this specific depth, the drilling alters its path to a horizontal track into the shale rock in order to span the entire reservoir. Next, fracking fluid, consisting of sand, liquid chemicals, and water, is injected into the shale rock at a high pressure, which cause small cracks, known as fissures, in the rock. This action allows oil and natural gas to freely escape into the pipeline. The oil and gas mixture then flows to the surface

Contrary to popular belief’s Hydraulic Fracturing is not a drilling process .It is the series of steps that are used after the drilling of hole in the ground is completed to create or restore small fractures or opening in the reservoir rock formation .These small fractures or opening in the reservoir are mainly used to extract –petroleum, natural gas ( such as shale gas , tight gas , and coal seam) ,water And natural substances

What is hydraulic fracturing? Hydraulic fracturing is an oil drilling process that travels deep into the earth. This process helps us gain oil and gases to reach the surface for our oil resources. Going into details on hydraulic fracturing workers in the drilling business press liquids or solution deep down under the Earth. This causes the solid soil to break and allows for gases to be release into the soil. Then those toxic elements eventually make their way to the surface. Hydraulic fracturing is a process that is used for oil resources from deep inside the core of the planet. The best way to have a visional is to view a short video from WFAA-TV channel 8. (http://www.wfaa.com/news/local/verify/lets-verifythis-does-fracking-cause-earthquakes/318060749)

Fracking or Hydraulic Fracking is the process of drilling out and injecting millions of fluid (water, sand and chemicals) gallons into the underground formation such as a well at a high pressure down and horizontally in order to cause a fissure in the rock layer making it crack so that the sand particles could held the layer in that position

Another problem that we know exists with hydraulic fracturing is the contamination of the water, the ground, and the air around the sites (Goldman pg. 2). It has been shown that “…residents living near the hydraulic fracturing sites are increasingly worried that the drilling process might be contaminating their well water, polluting streams, and releasing toxic gases into the air (Hobson).” Water sources, as well as the soil, are often polluted from flowback fluid and from production brine (Hydro-Fracking pg.4). Flowback fluid is “the contaminated fluid that returns to the surface during the drilling process, and is estimated to be between 9% - 35% of the fluids injected during

So what is fracking? According to Manuel, “fracking is a procedure used in extraction of natural gas and oil, which may pollute both ground and surface water.” “The procedure consists of fluids being injected into the bore hole and causes cracks in the formation rocks” (Gordalla). During the drilling process, the injection of more than one million gallons of water, sand, and chemicals at a high pressure into horizontally drilled wells as far as 10,000 feet below the surface ground. The pressurized mixtures causes the rock layer to crack. These cracks are called fissures. The fissures are held open by the sand particles so that the natural gas from the shale can flow up the well (Manuel). Fracking contains chemicals designed to increase flow rates, dissolve sediments, kill bacteria, control temperatures, or prevent degradation inside the wellbore (Fracking). In the video Gasland II, fracking waste have identified formaldehyde acetic acids and boric acids.

Hydraulic fracturing of tight rock reservoirs is critical for economical extraction of oil and natural gas from these resources. This technology was introduced to the oil and gas industry in the 1930s when Dow Chemical Company found that cracks formed when fluid pressure was applied within a rock formation (Adachi et al. 2007). Later, in 1947, the first hydraulic fracturing stimulation treatment was conducted to increase well productivity in the Hudson gas field in the state of Kansas, U.S.A. (Howard and Fast 1957). By 1955, there were about 3,000 fractured well treatments conducted each month to stimulate increased petroleum production from tight rock reservoirs (Nolte and Morris 2000)(Hubbert and Willis 1957). In the last decade,