Hydrochloric Acid : A Widely Used Chemical That Is Found

Hydrochloric requires very careful use as it can be very dangerous to, skin if it gets in contact with it. The damage it causes to the skin may be irreversible.

The purpose of this experiment is to determine an unknown concentration of acid (hydrochloric acid) with a standard solution of a base (sodium carbonate) using titration method.

Pay extreme caution to the handling of HCl as it can cause acid burns on your skin and remove color from your clothing. Should you get any on you or your clothes, rinse with soap and water. Also, when using flask with thermocouple, it will be top heavy and can easily topple over and break. A final precaution, hydrogen gas is being produced during the gas law method and therefore no open flames in the laboratory during that portion of the experiment.

2. Describe any evidence that a chemical reaction occurred when you added 6 M HCl to the solution of sodium acetylsalicylate (the conjugate base of aspirin) and explain why they took

| NaHCO₃ reacts with the hydrochloric acid by heating up violently, bubbling, dissolves, and new gas formation

Magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid, because it is higher in the reactivity series than hydrogen. The magnesium displaces the hydrogen in the acid, so it forms magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

The goal of this was to successfully accomplish the synthesis of para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid. In this experiment, para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid was synthesized from 4-chlorophenolate and chloroacetic acid using an SN2 reaction. The product obtained was determined to be the para isomer of Chlorophenoxyacetic acid. This was confirmed by the melting point of 157.3-157.9 ◦C. The percent yield determined at the end of the experiment was 37.83 %. The TLC analysis showed that P-Chlorophenol was less polar than P-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid because it had an Rf value of 0.38 in comparison to the value of 0.33 on a 50:50 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent mixture. In the NMR comparison, it was shown that both the starting material of chloroacetic acid and product contained a peak of integration two around 4 ppm representing the acidic proton. In the FT-IR comparison, it was determined that the Chloroacetic acid and the para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid both had an OH bond at 3416 cm-1 and 3429.72 cm-1 respectively. The Chloroacetic acid and para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid also both had a carbon-oxygen double bond at 1648 cm-1 and 1654.81 cm-1 respectively. The para-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid also contained a peak at 1236.18 cm-1 which represents the C-O-C bond.

Identifying this organic acid was an extensive task that involved several different experiments. Firstly, the melting point had to be determined. Since melting point can be determined to an almost exact degree, finding a close melting point of the specific unknown can accurately point to the identification of the acid. In this case the best melting point

Acrylamide or propenic acid amide (AcA) has also been called a cooking carcinogen.AcA has been widely used for decades in various spheres of life, mostly (99.9%) for manufacturing of polyacrylamide (PAA). Acrylamide (CH_2 = CH-CONH_2) has been an important industrial chemical in particular it has been used worldwide to synthesize polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide has been used for various purposes, including removal of suspended solids from industrial waste water, soil conditioner, grouting agents, surfactant for herbicide mixtures, a stationary phase for laboratory separations, and cosmetic formulations. Consequently, since acrylamide is formed from polyacrylamide degradation, it has been known to be present in drinking water

It is surprising how many ways humans use chlorine. One way humans use chlorine is to kill bacteria and germs in pools. It cleanses the pool so when people go swimming, they will not get sick. Chlorine is also used to make paper. Scientists use it to drain all the color to make it white. Chlorine is also used in the water purification process. It kills bacteria in the water system before it enters a house. Chlorine is also found in many common things like, bleach. Bleach makes clothes white to take out at the stains. The salt many people have on their table is composed up of one sodium and one chlorine atom. There are not natural sources of chlorine in its pure element (gas) form. But it is mostly found in the earth's crust along with sodium, potassium, and manganese chlorides. The impacts chlorine has on the environment depends on how long it is the environment and how much of the substance is present. Sometimes chlorine combines to form harmful chemicals that gets into water

Chlorine was first discovered by a man whose profession was in the medical field. However, since it was 1774, the technology wasn’t as advanced and therefore led him to misleading conclusions. Carl Wilhelm Sheele was a Swedish pharmacist who, “released a few drops of hydrochloric acid onto a piece of manganese dioxide in his lab, and a greenish-yellow gas was produced in a matter of seconds…” (Alchin, Linda. “The Element Chlorine.” What Is Chlorine?, www.elementalmatter.info/element-chlorine.htm.). Before Sir Humphry Davy, people thought that Chlorine was a form of oxygen. Sir Humphry Davy later proved otherwise. Although this element was never thought to be used this way, in World War I Chlorine was used as a “choking agent”. Men would suffer

Chlorines history was never intended to be used as a weapon. In 1774 German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered the chemical (Chlorine, 2013). The uses for liquid and solid chlorine was found to kill bacteria and has been developed to be used in small quantities to

Chloramines are disinfectants used to treat drinking water. Chloramines are intended to quickly kill most bacteria, viruses, etc, but we are now using chloramines as a matter of convenience, there are far safer alternatives.

Acid rain has a large concentration of hydrogen ions mainly coming from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. It could kill living organisms, damage buildings, and monuments.

Write a discussion of error summarizing 2 sources of error, why are your results and the other group different?