Hydrogen-3 Research Paper

Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen; however, it is rare on earth, primarily found mixed with natural gas trapped in underground pockets. Once helium is released it is so light it escapes the earth's atmosphere and cannot be recovered. At sea level, helium occurs in the atmosphere in the proportion of 5.4 parts per million. The proportion increases slightly at higher altitudes. About 1 part per million of atmospheric helium consists of helium-3, now thought to be a product of the decay of tritium, a radioactive hydrogen isotope of mass 3. The common helium isotope, helium-4, probably comes from radioactive alpha emitters in rocks. Natural gas, which contains an average of 0.4 percent helium, is the major commercial source of helium. By far the largest users of helium are agencies of the United States government.

Tiny molecules comprise our world are called elements, there are different kinds of elements, one is Helium, abbreviated by the symbol He. Note that the first letter is uppercase, and the second lowercase. It was discovered in 1868 when a French astronomer, Pierre Janssen, examined spectral lines from the sun and saw an unfamiliar element. The unknown element was named Helium, after the greek word ‘helios’ meaning sun. Though it was discovered on the sun, it can be found in the ground of the Earth. It forms out of the radioactive decay of metals such as uranium and cleveite, and is plentiful in the soil of Texas.

Helium makes up about Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. It was discovered on the sun before it was found on earth. In 1868 a french astronomer, Pierre-Jules-Cesar Janssen noticed a yellow line in the sun’s spectrum while studying a total solar eclipse. With a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers Norman Lockyer realized that this line could not be produced by any element at the time. It was hypothesized that the sun was responsible for this mysterious yellow emission. Lockyer named the unknown element helium.

Since the wavelength of the light in an atom can determine the identity of an element, this explains the reason on how helium was discovered. A French Astronaut, Pierre-Jules-César Janssen, noticed that there was a yellow line in the sun’s spectrum so Janssen decided to conduct some research in order to explain why the line existed. After years of thorough research, Janssen found out that the spectrum had a wavelength of 587.49nm. However, there was no element on Earth during that time that had that wavelength, so it was concluded that this element was a new element that had just been discovered. The reason why helium was discovered in the sun first was because since helium was a noble gas, it was stable so it did not react with any other elements. Therefore, the scientists had no way of discovering the element until the yellow line in the sun’s spectrum appeared.

Helium, a noble gas, is the second most abundant element in the universe. It was discovered on the sun before it was found on earth by French astronomer Pierre-Jules-Cesar Janssen in 1868. Helium received its name from the Greek word for sun, helios. Even though helium is so abundant throughout the universe it is relatively rare on Earth.

Pure Strontium was first secluded by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808. Strontium is obtained from celestite and strontianite. Treated with hydrochloric acid forming strontium chloride. Then it was mixed with potassium chloride, melted and electrolyzed, forming Strontium.

The chlorine atom has 7 electrons in its outer shell so it needs just for one electron to be stable.

There are many different uses for helium. Most people associate helium with party balloons and the Goodyear blimp. A dangerous (don’t try this at home!) thing that is commonly known about helium is if inhaled it can cause vocal changes. By inhaling helium (usually out of party balloons) this results in a high pitched voice, most similar to that of Alvin from ‘Alvin and the Chipmunks’. There are however, some other very interesting ways that helium is used. Helium is used for welding, MRI scanners, deep water diving, and even fueling rocket engines used by NASA!

Uranium was found in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, who is a German chemist, and was named after Uranus, the planet. This sparked electricity in many laboratories. In the 1900’s work was found in central Asia on nuclear minerals. The revolution in 1917 inspired scientific research. Nuclear fission was finally understood by the 1940’s.

Harold C. Urey is known extensively in numerous fields, some of which include chemistry, biology, and astronomy. His accomplishments number in the hundreds, the most notably of which would certainly be his discovery of deuterium, a heavy hydrogen isotope with one proton and one neutron in its nucleus. Although the theory of isotopes was already in place by 1913, and numerous other scientists had discovered various isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and numerous others, Urey claimed that only discoveries surrounding hydrogen could be more significant (Rice, 2007).

Some of these contrasts are easily clarified. For example, nonmetals such as Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Neon, and Krypton are much less abundant relative to silicon on Earth than they are in the rest of the universe. These elements are either noble gases (Helium, Neon, and Krypton) or elements that form volatile hydrides, such as NH3(Ammonia), CH4(Methane), and H2O(Water). Because of Earth’s gravity not being strong enough to hold such light substances in the atmosphere, these elements have been slowly dispersing into outer space ever since Earth was formed. Argon is an exception; it is relatively abundant on Earth when compared with the other noble gases because it is continuously produced in rocks by the radioactive decay

The fuels needed for fusion are called deuterium and tritium. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that can be extracted from seawater and tritium is made when deuterium comes into contact with lithium. Fusion can satisfy the Earth’s needs for a long time,

3. It is usually formed by the decay of radioactive metals, such as uranium, thorium, or radium

Helium is the first noble gas on the Periodic Table. The symbol of Helium is “He”, and the Atomic number is 2. This element has a atomic mass of 4.00g. Helium was first discovered on the sun as a cooler gas by Sir William Ramsay. The noble gas helium was given it’s name referring to the Greek goddess “Helios”,on August 18, 1868. Helium is the second top element on planet Earth. Also, it is the gas that scientist found that was leaking from Mt. Vesuvius in Italy. The Gas that can give a weird reaction with your lungs part of the time. Helium has physical and chemical properties, economic importance, industrial uses, with a decrease in quantity and future advantages.

Water is a chemical substance composed atomically of an oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms, giving it the chemical formula H2O . It has a bent molecular structure, with the centralised oxygen atom at the top of the molecule with two lone pairs of electrons above it, and the two hydrogen atoms branching out below, each connected to the oxygen by covalent bonds. VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) Theory is utilised in chemistry for the prediction of a molecules geometry. This theory was constructed off the idea that valence electron pairs around an atom have a tendency to repel each other, thus forcing the molecule to organise itself in a manner that creates the least possible electron repulsion. By observing a